relation: http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/14361/
canonical: http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/14361/
title: Upholding or Breaking the Law of Superposition in Pharmacokinetics
creator: Yousef, Malaz
creator: Yáñez, Jaime A.
creator: Löbenberg, Raimar
creator: Davies, Neal M.
subject: Biomedicina
description: The law of superposition underpins first-order linear pharmacokinetic relationships. Most drugs, therefore, after a single dose can be described by first-order or linear processes, which can be superposed to understand multiple-dose regimen behavior. However, there are a number of situations where drugs could display behaviors after multiple dosing that leads to capacity-limited or saturation non-linear kinetics and the law of superposition is overruled. This review presents a practical guide to understand the equations and calculations for single and multiple-dosing regimens after intravenous and oral administration. It also provides the pharmaceutical basis for saturation in ADME processes and the consequent changes in the area under the concentration–time curve, which represents drug exposure that can lead to the modulation of efficacy and/or toxic effects. The pharmacokineticist must implicitly understand the principles of superposition, which are a central tenet of drug behavior and disposition during drug development.
date: 2024
type: Artículo
type: PeerReviewed
format: text
language: en
rights: cc_by_4
identifier: http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/14361/1/biomedicines-12-01843.pdf
identifier:   Artículo Materias > Biomedicina <http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/view/subjects/uneat=5Fbm.html> Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros <http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/view/divisions/uninimx=5Fproduccion=5Fcientifica.html> Abierto Inglés The law of superposition underpins first-order linear pharmacokinetic relationships. Most drugs, therefore, after a single dose can be described by first-order or linear processes, which can be superposed to understand multiple-dose regimen behavior. However, there are a number of situations where drugs could display behaviors after multiple dosing that leads to capacity-limited or saturation non-linear kinetics and the law of superposition is overruled. This review presents a practical guide to understand the equations and calculations for single and multiple-dosing regimens after intravenous and oral administration. It also provides the pharmaceutical basis for saturation in ADME processes and the consequent changes in the area under the concentration–time curve, which represents drug exposure that can lead to the modulation of efficacy and/or toxic effects. The pharmacokineticist must implicitly understand the principles of superposition, which are a central tenet of drug behavior and disposition during drug development. metadata Yousef, Malaz; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Löbenberg, Raimar y Davies, Neal M. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR     <http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/14361/1/biomedicines-12-01843.pdf>     (2024) Upholding or Breaking the Law of Superposition in Pharmacokinetics.  Biomedicines, 12 (8).  p. 1843.  ISSN 2227-9059     
relation: http://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12081843
relation: doi:10.3390/biomedicines12081843
language: en