@article{uninimx16735,
            year = {2025},
          number = {2},
           title = {Metaheuristic-based optimal energy assessment of hybrid multi-effect evaporator with synergy of solar and wind energy sources},
         journal = {Heliyon},
          author = {Smitarani Pati and Nandan Kumar Navin and Om Prakash Verma and Dwesh Kumar Singh and Tarun Kumar Sharma and Saurabh Agarwal and Santos Gracia Villar and Luis Alonso Dzul L{\'o}pez and Imran Ashraf},
          volume = {11},
           month = {Enero},
           pages = {e41653},
             url = {http://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/16735/},
        abstract = {This study emphasizes a multi-pronged approach to improving the energy efficiency of Multi-Effect Evaporator (MEE) in the paper industry. By incorporating traditional Energy-Saving Schemes (ESSs) and innovative renewable energy sources, the study demonstrates significant potential for reducing energy consumption and environmental impact, making it a decisive pathway for industrial sustainability. Key ESS strategies include Thermo-Vapor Compressors, Feed Preheaters, and Steam- and Feed-Split, which are employed to enhance Steam Economy (SE) to evaluate MEE efficiency. This integration results in a 67.93\% enhancement in SE, reducing energy consumption significantly. Further, SE enhancement is achieved by integrating flash tanks that capture and reuse excess heat, which boosts SE by an additional 5.89\%, leading to a total improvement of 73\% without additional energy consumption. A significant innovation in the study is the integration of Linear Fresnel Reflectors (LFRs) based solar collectors and turbine-based wind energy sources to power the MEE and reduce reliance on conventional energy. This hybrid system decreases energy dependence by 62\% for the base MEE and 34\% for the hybrid MEE. The results are validated by comparing them with existing studies, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method and offering significant energy and environment savings.}
}