Gestión económica de los residuos sólidos urbanos y su relación con la disposición final, caso Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador.
Tesis
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster
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La provincia de Santa Elena, es una de las más importantes del Ecuador, por sus diversos atractivos turísticos y sus hermosas playas. Se encuentra dividida políticamente en tres cantones que son La Libertad, Salinas y Santa Elena. Sin embargo, presenta una grave problemática ambiental que se relaciona con la mala disposición de sus residuos sólidos urbanos. Por tales motivos, se ha planteado una investigación desde el punto de vista económico, que busca verificar si se considera los costos de disposición final dentro de sus modelos financieros. Se planteó la hipótesis de que los municipios tienen botaderos a cielo abierto, debido a que solo costean las componentes de barrido y recolección sin considerar la disposición final. Dentro de los resultados se encontraron que: para el cantón Salinas, La Libertad y Santa Elena, el costo unitario de la gestión integral por tonelada es de $71, $69 y $ 51 dólares respectivamente. De estos totales, el costo unitario de la disposición final representa entre $ 3 y $ 4 dólares por tonelada. Del mismo modo, otro resultado importante son los elevados costos administrativos de los sistemas de aseo, debido a la burocracia en los municipios. Con estos resultados, se valida la hipótesis planteada y se evidencia que, dentro de los presupuestos municipales, no se considera los costos de disposición final y este es el motivo principal de que los sitios de disposición sean botaderos a cielo abierto. Por esta razón se plantea una solución que considera un relleno sanitario ubicado de forma técnica en el sector Ayamblo en Salinas, que va a permitir atender por 20 años a todos los cantones de la Provincia. Para ello, las municipalidades deberán presupuestar alrededor de $28 por tonelada para poder sostener todas las operaciones e inversiones en el nuevo relleno propuesto. Dentro de las principales conclusiones, se resalta el hecho de que no se considera los costos de la disposición final en los sistemas actuales de aseo. Además, los municipios poseen estructuras tarifarias obsoletas que no cubren los gastos operativos actuales y se traducen en subsidios elevados. La alternativa de un relleno sanitario provincial es la mejor solución desde el punto de visto técnico, que se apega a la realidad económica del país. Para poder mejorar los sistemas de aseo, se debe empezar garantizando una correcta disposición. Luego de esto se puede ir empezando paulatinamente la mejora en otras componentes. Finalmente se recomienda extrapolar el presente estudio a otras provincias del Ecuador.
metadata
García Paredes, Augusto David
mail
garciaaugusto95@gmail.com
(2022)
Gestión económica de los residuos sólidos urbanos y su relación con la disposición final, caso Provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador.
Masters thesis, SIN ESPECIFICAR.
Resumen
La provincia de Santa Elena, es una de las más importantes del Ecuador, por sus diversos atractivos turísticos y sus hermosas playas. Se encuentra dividida políticamente en tres cantones que son La Libertad, Salinas y Santa Elena. Sin embargo, presenta una grave problemática ambiental que se relaciona con la mala disposición de sus residuos sólidos urbanos. Por tales motivos, se ha planteado una investigación desde el punto de vista económico, que busca verificar si se considera los costos de disposición final dentro de sus modelos financieros. Se planteó la hipótesis de que los municipios tienen botaderos a cielo abierto, debido a que solo costean las componentes de barrido y recolección sin considerar la disposición final. Dentro de los resultados se encontraron que: para el cantón Salinas, La Libertad y Santa Elena, el costo unitario de la gestión integral por tonelada es de $71, $69 y $ 51 dólares respectivamente. De estos totales, el costo unitario de la disposición final representa entre $ 3 y $ 4 dólares por tonelada. Del mismo modo, otro resultado importante son los elevados costos administrativos de los sistemas de aseo, debido a la burocracia en los municipios. Con estos resultados, se valida la hipótesis planteada y se evidencia que, dentro de los presupuestos municipales, no se considera los costos de disposición final y este es el motivo principal de que los sitios de disposición sean botaderos a cielo abierto. Por esta razón se plantea una solución que considera un relleno sanitario ubicado de forma técnica en el sector Ayamblo en Salinas, que va a permitir atender por 20 años a todos los cantones de la Provincia. Para ello, las municipalidades deberán presupuestar alrededor de $28 por tonelada para poder sostener todas las operaciones e inversiones en el nuevo relleno propuesto. Dentro de las principales conclusiones, se resalta el hecho de que no se considera los costos de la disposición final en los sistemas actuales de aseo. Además, los municipios poseen estructuras tarifarias obsoletas que no cubren los gastos operativos actuales y se traducen en subsidios elevados. La alternativa de un relleno sanitario provincial es la mejor solución desde el punto de visto técnico, que se apega a la realidad económica del país. Para poder mejorar los sistemas de aseo, se debe empezar garantizando una correcta disposición. Luego de esto se puede ir empezando paulatinamente la mejora en otras componentes. Finalmente se recomienda extrapolar el presente estudio a otras provincias del Ecuador.
| Tipo de Documento: | Tesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | botaderos a cielo abierto, rellenos sanitarios, costos, tarifas. |
| Clasificación temática: | Materias > Ingeniería |
| Divisiones: | Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster |
| Depositado: | 30 Abr 2024 22:47 |
| Ultima Modificación: | 30 Abr 2024 22:47 |
| URI: | https://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/2766 |
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