Valoración del estado nutricional y de la actividad física en población de 8 a 10 años de edad atendidos en la consulta externa de Nutrición Pediátrica en el Hospital del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos, desde el año 2017 hasta enero 2021: Propuesta de plan de alimentación y actividad física en esta población.

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Infrared thermography to assess fatigue, injury risk factors and recovery in soccer: a systematic review of original studies

Background: Recovery after a training session or match is a key factor in injury prevention and sports performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze and consolidate the available scientific evidence from the main databases on the use of infrared thermography in the assessment of fatigue, injury risk factors, and recovery in soccer players.Methods: The literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS model until June 30, 2025, in the main scientific databases (ScienceDirect, EMBASE, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE/PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus). The risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed using the Cochrane Handbook guidelines and the PEDro scale.”Results: The initial literature search yielded a total of 510 records. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample consisted of 20 studies, which were of high methodological quality. The results showed the effects of infrared thermography in assessing fatigue, identifying injury risk factors, and monitoring recovery processes in soccer players. The studies also systematically reported the characterization of the population, the assessment methods used, the variables analyzed, the methodological design, the main results, and the effects of the intervention.Conclusions: Infrared thermography shows promise as a valid, reliable, and non-invasive tool for assessing skin temperature, reflecting temperature changes in response to physiological processes. It allows for the analysis of structural or metabolic fatigue and thermal asymmetries. Therefore, thermography could be used to design individualized recovery protocols.

Producción Científica

Yehinson Barajas Ramón mail , Julio Calleja-González mail , José Luaces-Carreño mail , Álvaro Velarde-Sotres mail alvaro.velarde@uneatlantico.es,

Barajas Ramón

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Consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with cognitive status in elderly patients

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that there might be an association between excess consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on cognitive health. UPF intake could promote systemic inflammation, oxidative stress phenomena, and metabolic dysregulation, contributing to neurodegeneration onset and cognitive decline in elderly population.Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relation between UPF dietary pattern on MCI status in elderly patients taking into account the contribution of inflammatory markers.Design: The dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire in ninety-two participants. All reported food items were categorized according to the NOVA system, classifying foods on the basis of the extent and purpose of industrial processing. Plasmatic concentrations of TGF-β1 and TNF-ɑ were measured by ELISA assay at the time of baseline neuropsychological evaluation. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were administered to evaluate the cognitive function in all participants. Non-parametric tests, correlation analysis, and logistic regression models were performed to assess the relations between variables of interest.Results: No significant associations were observed for unprocessed/minimally processed foods, culinary processed foods, or processed foods across the different regression models. In contrast, higher consumption of UPF was associated with increased odds of MCI (adjusted OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.05–17.13). However, after additional adjustment for inflammatory biomarkers (TGF-β and TNF-α), the association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (OR = 4.79, 95% CI: 0.73–31.24), although the direction of the association remained positive.Conclusion: UPF consumption may be associated with increased likelihood of MCI, and inflammatory status may potentially play a role in this association.

Producción Científica

Margherita Grasso mail , Francesca L’Episcopo mail , Marco Antonio Olvera-Moreira mail , Giuseppe Toscano mail , Stefano Muratore mail , Maria Angela Tripodi mail , Sabrina Musso mail , Veronica Bentivegna mail , Lucrezia Costanzo mail , Giusi Fatati mail , Melannie Toral-Noristz mail , Raynier Zambrano-Villacres mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Raffaele Ferri mail , Giuseppe Lanza mail , Filippo Caraci mail ,

Grasso

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Association between socioeconomic and health variables and community-acquired pneumonia mortality rates in Chile from 1990 to 2021

Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes.

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Italo Salvador López Muñoz mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, Maria Loreto Romero Ladrón de Guevara mail , Christian R. Mejia mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail ,

López Muñoz

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An Integrated Machine Learning and Genomic Framework for Precise Detection of Gastric Cancer

This study presents a novel integrative approach for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data, leveraging the complementary strengths of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. Using K-means clustering, the dataset is stratified into three distinct clusters, revealing intrinsic biological patterns and relationships. The resulting cluster assignments are subsequently employed as pseudo-labels to train machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forest, and a stacking ensemble classifier. To validate and enhance the robustness of clustering, complementary methodologies such as hierarchical clustering and DBSCAN are employed, with results visualized through PCA-driven dimensionality reduction. The high predictive accuracy achieved by the classifiers underscores the separability and reliability of the identified clusters. Furthermore, feature importance analysis highlighted key genetic determinants within each cluster, offering actionable insights into potential biomarkers and critical genomic features. This framework bridges the gap between exploratory unsupervised learning and predictive supervised modeling, providing a scalable and interpretable methodology for analyzing complex genomic datasets. Its applicability extends to biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and other precision medicine applications, emphasizing its utility in advancing genomic research and clinical practice.

Producción Científica

Eshmal Iman mail , Sohail Jabbar mail , Shabana Ramzan mail , Ali Raza mail , Farwa Raoof mail , Stefanía Carvajal-Altamiranda mail stefania.carvajal@uneatlantico.es, Vivian Lipari mail vivian.lipari@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,

Iman

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Efecto de la suplementación con L-leucina, L-arginina y Lcarnitina sobre la composición corporal en hemodiálisis

Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en hemodiálisis presentan una elevada prevalencia de deterioro nutricional, caracterizado por pérdida de masa y función muscular, lo que se asocia con peor pronóstico clínico. La suplementación nutricional oral (SNO) es una estrategia frecuente en esta población; sin embargo, la evidencia comparativa entre distintos suplementos es limitada. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de SNO con L-arginina, L-leucina o L-carnitina sobre la composición corporal y la fuerza muscular en pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis. Materiales y métodos: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, abierto y controlado, con tres grupos paralelos, en pacientes adultos con ERC en estadio 5 en hemodiálisis crónica. Se administró SNO durante 90 días. Se evaluaron parámetros antropométricos, de fuerza y bioimpedancia. La ingesta dietética se estimó mediante recordatorio de 24 horas. El análisis longitudinal se realizó mediante modelos mixtos de efectos lineales. Se incluyeron 158 pacientes en el análisis final. Resultados: la ingesta energética y proteica fue insuficiente en más del 80 % de los pacientes. Se observaron mejorías significativas intragrupo en peso corporal, masa muscular y fuerza de prensión manual (p < 0,05), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tipos de suplemento (p > 0,05). Se observaron correlaciones positivas moderadas entre masa muscular, fuerza de prensión y ángulo de fase. Conclusión: la SNO se asoció con mejorías en parámetros antropométricos y funcionales en pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis, independientemente del tipo de suplemento utilizado. La evaluación funcional resulta clave para la detección temprana del deterioro nutricional en esta población.

Artículos y libros

Mónica del Carmen Montenegro Cedeno mail , Mercedes Briones Urbano mail mercedes.briones@uneatlantico.es, Israel Barria mail , Rossana Broce mail , Adilia Gómez mail , Ruth Ávila mail , Mayte Batista mail , Eyleen Montero mail , Victoria Rodríguez mail , Alieth Sáez mail , María Vergara mail , Otilda Mercedes Valderrama Vergara mail ,

Montenegro Cedeno