Estudio del estrés académico percibido por estudiantes universitarios y su incidencia en el rendimiento, con la mediación de dos variables: Metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje.
Tesis Materias > Educación Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Tesis Doctorales Cerrado Español El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la incidencia del estrés académico percibido por los estudiantes universitarios (estresores, síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento) en el rendimiento académico, precisando el análisis por grupo o cluster de estudiantes, denominados según la orientación a metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje, concibiendo al estudiante como capaz de motivarse y autorregularse. Se trata de un estudio con diseño no experimental transversal, cuya finalidad es descriptiva y correlacional, con análisis de conglomerados para la configuración de grupos y análisis de regresión múltiple para la identificación de variables predictoras del rendimiento académico. El contexto de investigación es la Universidad San Sebastián. Se constata que los estudiantes de la muestra (N= 118) perciben con mayor frecuencia dos estresores: Sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, y tener tiempo limitado; reaccionan con mayor frecuencia con dos síntomas de tipo psicológico, ansiedad, angustia o desesperación, y problemas de concentración; y recurren, en general, a las siete estrategias de afrontamiento. La variable predictora del rendimiento académico identificada para la muestra de estudiantes es la estrategia de afrontamiento A6-Elaborar y ejecutar un plan para enfrentar lo que estresa (correlación directa y significativa), cuanto más recurren a una estrategia vinculada con la autorregulación, mejor es su rendimiento. Explica el 5.7% de la varianza del promedio de calificaciones (R= .239 y R2= .057, F= 6.243, significación de .014).Para el grupo 1, perfil denominado de Baja Generalizada en Múltiples Metas y Estrategias (N= 42), caracterizado por ser vulnerables ante el estrés académico, poco motivados hacia metas y poco activos en sus procesos de aprendizaje, con el promedio de calificación más bajo, las variables predictoras son la estrategia de afrontamiento A1-Concentrarse en resolver la situación (correlación directa y significativa), y el síntoma S2-Sentimientos de depresión y tristeza (correlación inversa y significativa), cuanto más se enfocan en resolver el problema y menos se deprimen, más favorable es para su rendimiento. Explican el 20.4% de la varianza del promedio de calificaciones (R= .451 y R2= .204, F= 4.291, significación de .045).Por su parte, para el grupo 2, perfil denominado de Altas Metas de Aprendizaje y Estrategias Múltiples (N= 40), caracterizado por estudiantes poco vulnerables ante el estrés académico, más resistentes y motivados, y activos en su autorregulación y aprendizaje, con un promedio alto de calificación, la variable predictora es el síntoma S5-Sentimiento de agresividad (correlación inversa y significativa), cuanto menos vulnerables son a la irritabilidad, más alto es su rendimiento. Explica el 18.4% de la varianza del promedio de calificaciones (R= .429, R2= .184, F= 8.571, significación de .006).Para el grupo 3, perfil denominado de Altas Metas Múltiples y Estrategias de Procesamiento de la información (N= 26), caracterizado por estudiantes muy vulnerables ante el estrés académico, con metas orientadas hacia la valoración social, el yo y las recompensas, y menos activos que el grupo 3 en su autorregulación y aprendizaje, con el más alto promedio de calificación, el análisis de regresión no retuvo en el modelo ninguna de las variables consideradas; es probable que haya influido la baja cantidad de estudiantes de este grupo. metadata Valenzuela Ramos, Nora Guadalupe mail nora.valenzuela@doctorado.unini.edu.mx (2022) Estudio del estrés académico percibido por estudiantes universitarios y su incidencia en el rendimiento, con la mediación de dos variables: Metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje. Doctoral thesis, SIN ESPECIFICAR.
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El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la incidencia del estrés académico percibido por los estudiantes universitarios (estresores, síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento) en el rendimiento académico, precisando el análisis por grupo o cluster de estudiantes, denominados según la orientación a metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje, concibiendo al estudiante como capaz de motivarse y autorregularse. Se trata de un estudio con diseño no experimental transversal, cuya finalidad es descriptiva y correlacional, con análisis de conglomerados para la configuración de grupos y análisis de regresión múltiple para la identificación de variables predictoras del rendimiento académico. El contexto de investigación es la Universidad San Sebastián. Se constata que los estudiantes de la muestra (N= 118) perciben con mayor frecuencia dos estresores: Sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, y tener tiempo limitado; reaccionan con mayor frecuencia con dos síntomas de tipo psicológico, ansiedad, angustia o desesperación, y problemas de concentración; y recurren, en general, a las siete estrategias de afrontamiento. La variable predictora del rendimiento académico identificada para la muestra de estudiantes es la estrategia de afrontamiento A6-Elaborar y ejecutar un plan para enfrentar lo que estresa (correlación directa y significativa), cuanto más recurren a una estrategia vinculada con la autorregulación, mejor es su rendimiento. Explica el 5.7% de la varianza del promedio de calificaciones (R= .239 y R2= .057, F= 6.243, significación de .014).Para el grupo 1, perfil denominado de Baja Generalizada en Múltiples Metas y Estrategias (N= 42), caracterizado por ser vulnerables ante el estrés académico, poco motivados hacia metas y poco activos en sus procesos de aprendizaje, con el promedio de calificación más bajo, las variables predictoras son la estrategia de afrontamiento A1-Concentrarse en resolver la situación (correlación directa y significativa), y el síntoma S2-Sentimientos de depresión y tristeza (correlación inversa y significativa), cuanto más se enfocan en resolver el problema y menos se deprimen, más favorable es para su rendimiento. Explican el 20.4% de la varianza del promedio de calificaciones (R= .451 y R2= .204, F= 4.291, significación de .045).Por su parte, para el grupo 2, perfil denominado de Altas Metas de Aprendizaje y Estrategias Múltiples (N= 40), caracterizado por estudiantes poco vulnerables ante el estrés académico, más resistentes y motivados, y activos en su autorregulación y aprendizaje, con un promedio alto de calificación, la variable predictora es el síntoma S5-Sentimiento de agresividad (correlación inversa y significativa), cuanto menos vulnerables son a la irritabilidad, más alto es su rendimiento. Explica el 18.4% de la varianza del promedio de calificaciones (R= .429, R2= .184, F= 8.571, significación de .006).Para el grupo 3, perfil denominado de Altas Metas Múltiples y Estrategias de Procesamiento de la información (N= 26), caracterizado por estudiantes muy vulnerables ante el estrés académico, con metas orientadas hacia la valoración social, el yo y las recompensas, y menos activos que el grupo 3 en su autorregulación y aprendizaje, con el más alto promedio de calificación, el análisis de regresión no retuvo en el modelo ninguna de las variables consideradas; es probable que haya influido la baja cantidad de estudiantes de este grupo.
| Tipo de Documento: | Tesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | Estrés académico, rendimiento académico, metas académicas, estrategias de aprendizaje, autorregulación, estudiantes universitarios. |
| Clasificación temática: | Materias > Educación |
| Divisiones: | Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Tesis Doctorales |
| Depositado: | 22 Sep 2023 23:30 |
| Ultima Modificación: | 22 Sep 2023 23:30 |
| URI: | https://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/2341 |
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A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning
Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such diseases can help take effective decisions. For this purpose, a deep learning-based object detection framework is designed in this study to identify and classify major potato diseases and pests under real-world field conditions. A total of 2,688 field images were collected from two research farms in Punjab, Pakistan, across multiple growth stages in various seasonal conditions. Excluding 285 symptoms-free images from the earliest collection led to 2,403 images which were annotated into four biotic-stress classes: blight disease (n = 630), leaf spot disease (n = 370), leafroll virus (viral symptom complex; n = 888), and Colorado potato beetle (larvae/adults; n = 515), indicating class imbalance. Several state-of-the-art models were used including YOLOv8 variants (n/s/m), YOLOv7, YOLOv5, and Faster R-CNN, and the results are discussed in relation to recent potato disease classification studies involving cropped leaf images. Stratified splitting (70% training, 20% validation, 10% testing) was applied to preserve class distribution across all subsets. YOLOv8-medium achieve the best performance with mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 of 98% on the held-out test images. Results for stable 5-fold cross-validation show a mean mAP@0.5 of 97.8%, which offers a balance between accuracy and inference time. Model robustness was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and repeated training with different random seeds, showing a low variance of ±0.4% mAP. Results demonstrate promising outcomes under the real-world field conditions, while, broader cross-region and cross-season validation is intended for the future.
Ahmed Abbas mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Santos Gracia Villar mail santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Luis Alonso Dzul López mail luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, Aseel Smerat mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,
Abbas
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Concern for mpox infection in Latin America
Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health.
Christian R. Mejia mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales mail , Telmo Raúl Aveiro mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Néstor Valentin Rocha-Saravia mail , Andrea Retana-González mail , Medally C. Paucar mail , Beatriz Mejia Raudales mail , Jose Armada mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx,
Mejia
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Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies
Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.
Justyna Godos mail , Giuseppe Caruso mail , Agnieszka Micek mail , Alberto Dolci mail , Zoltan Ungvari mail , Andrea Lehoczki mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Andrea Di Mauro mail , Mario Siervo mail , Michelino Di Rosa mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,
Godos
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Concern about the potential environmental impact of a large-scale war among Latin American adults
Background Large-scale armed conflicts can cause substantial environmental damage, with consequences for ecosystems, infrastructure, and population health. However, little is known about concern regarding these potential impacts among Latin American populations. Objective To determine the factors associated with concern about the potential environmental impact of a large-scale war among Latin American adults. Methods A multi-country cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults residing in Latin American countries. Concern about the environmental impact of a possible large-scale war was assessed using a study-specific question; the survey was conducted during the early weeks of the Russia-Ukraine war, but the outcome referred to concern about a possible large-scale war rather than to that conflict alone. Associations with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress measured with the DASS-21, used here as indicators of general psychological symptoms rather than conflict-specific effects, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, were then analyzed. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution, log link, and robust variance were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Among 2,669 respondents, 55% reported concern about the environmental consequences of a possible large-scale war. In multivariable analysis, concern was higher among participants with moderate or greater stress (PR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28) and among those residing in Argentina (PR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.44–2.21). Concern was lower among men (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72–0.85) and among participants with technical education (PR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67–0.99). Conclusion A substantial proportion of respondents expressed concern about the potential environmental consequences of a large-scale war. This concern was associated with stress and selected sociodemographic factors. These findings provide exploratory evidence on war-related environmental risk perception in Latin America.
Christian R. Mejía mail , Víctor Serna-Alarcón mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx, Neal M. Davies mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Dalia Useche-Villamizar mail , Camilo Vega-Useche mail ,
Mejía
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Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is viewed as a transitional stage between normal brain aging and dementia and is characterized by subtle cognitive deficits without significant impairment in daily functioning. Growing evidence supports the contribution of neuroinflammation and modifiable lifestyle factors, including diet, in the progression of cognitive decline.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet, neuroinflammatory biomarkers, and MCI status in older adults.Design: Ninety-two participants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 37 subjects with MCI. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and adherence to the Mediterranean diet explored through the MedDietScore. Plasma levels of TGF-β1 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. Cognitive status was evaluated using the Mini Mental Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), both adjusted for age and education. Statistical analyses included non-parametric tests, correlation analysis, and logistic regression models.Results: MCI patients showed significantly reduced plasma levels of TGF-β1 and increased TNF-α concentrations compared to other participants. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower likelihood of MCI in a dose–response manner (highest versus lowest adherence quartile, odds ratio: 0.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.60). Additional adjustment for inflammatory biomarkers attenuated the associations, suggesting a potential mediating role.Conclusion: Our findings showed that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with lower likelihood of being MCI. Such a relation might be, at least in part, mediated by inflammatory biomarkers. Overall, these results support the role of dietary modulation in preventive strategies against cognitive decline and progression into MCI.
Margherita Grasso mail , Francesca L’Episcopo mail , Annamaria Fidilio mail , Marco Antonio Olvera-Moreira mail , Giuseppe Toscano mail , Stefano Muratore mail , Margherita Drago mail , Sabrina Musso mail , Veronica Bentivegna mail , Lucrezia Costanzo mail , Melannie Toral-Noristz mail , Raynier Zambrano-Villacres mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Giuseppe Lanza mail , Raffaele Ferri mail , Filippo Caraci mail ,
Grasso