Implementación de herramienta digital de evaluación del riesgo obstétrico en Veracruz, México en el periodo de julio a octubre del año 2021
Tesis
Materias > Biomedicina
Materias > Comunicación
Materias > Alimentación
Materias > Ciencias Sociales
Materias > Educación
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster
Cerrado
Español
Introducción. El cuidado prenatal es una prioridad que forma parte de las políticas públicas como estrategia para optimizar los resultados del embarazo y prevenir la mortalidad materna y perinatal, que busca identificar factores de riesgo en la gestante y así evitar embarazos de alto riesgo y complicaciones del recién nacido a través de acciones preventivas y terapéuticas que beneficien la salud materna y perinatal. Sin embargo, no se ha logrado sistematizar los procesos relacionados con el cuidado y control prenatal, lo que dificulta el adecuado seguimiento y resolución de los factores de riesgo, ya que no existe una herramienta estandarizada que nos informe los factores de riesgo y el nivel de riesgo obstétrico que tienen las pacientes. En tal sentido, en el presente trabajo se propuso implementar una herramienta digital de evaluación del riesgo obstétrico. Material y métodos. Estudio no experimental, transversal, con una selección no probabilística de 17,439 embarazadas que acudieron en las primeras 8 semanas de gestación y/o prueba positiva de embarazo hasta la semana 42, a control prenatal en los 830 centros de salud de las 11 Jurisdicciones Sanitarias de Servicios de Salud de Veracruz. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: FROSS, que identifica factores que contribuyen al riesgo obstétrico, así como el Censo de Embarazadas que clasifica el riesgo obstétrico. Toda paciente catalogada con alto riesgo obstétrico se envió a valoración a segundo nivel de atención para un adecuado seguimiento del embarazo.Resultados. se incluyeron 17,439 mujeres embarazadas, de éstas el 27% de las embarazadas se encontró en edades entre 10 a 19 años, habiendo sólo 7% (1,311) en edad superior a los 35 años, ambos grupos etarios considerados susceptibles de ser embarazos de alto riesgo. Siendo el grupo de edad con la mayor frecuencia el de 20 a 24 años con el 30%. El 31% de las embarazadas, se ubicó en áreas de alta y muy alta marginación. El 56% de las embarazadas presentó un peso por arriba del normal, el cual condiciona un riesgo a enfermedades y complicaciones propias del embarazo. El 28% tuvieron antecedente obstétrico de parto por cesárea. El 49% de las embarazadas iniciaron su control prenatal en el primer trimestre del embarazo, sin embargo, el 74% de las defunciones ocurridas en el año 2020, llevaron control prenatal. Conclusiones. Es posible diseñar e implementar una herramienta digital de evaluación de riesgo obstétrico, a través de la identificación de los factores que contribuyen al riesgo obstétrico, que permita un manejo adecuado de las pacientes, con su envío a valoración por parte del segundo nivel, de aquella catalogada con alto riesgo obstétrico. Siendo novedosa la implementación de una herramienta digital que evalúe el riesgo obstétrico en la embarazada, si consideramos que a pesar de llevar control prenatal la embarazada, si no se evalúa el riesgo obstétrico durante la consulta, no se podrá incidir en la mortalidad materna, al realizar un diagnóstico temprano de patologías clínicamente evidentes y un manejo oportuno.
metadata
Ramos Alor, Roberto
mail
secretario@ssaver.gob.mx
(2022)
Implementación de herramienta digital de evaluación del riesgo obstétrico en Veracruz, México en el periodo de julio a octubre del año 2021.
Masters thesis, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México.
Resumen
Introducción. El cuidado prenatal es una prioridad que forma parte de las políticas públicas como estrategia para optimizar los resultados del embarazo y prevenir la mortalidad materna y perinatal, que busca identificar factores de riesgo en la gestante y así evitar embarazos de alto riesgo y complicaciones del recién nacido a través de acciones preventivas y terapéuticas que beneficien la salud materna y perinatal. Sin embargo, no se ha logrado sistematizar los procesos relacionados con el cuidado y control prenatal, lo que dificulta el adecuado seguimiento y resolución de los factores de riesgo, ya que no existe una herramienta estandarizada que nos informe los factores de riesgo y el nivel de riesgo obstétrico que tienen las pacientes. En tal sentido, en el presente trabajo se propuso implementar una herramienta digital de evaluación del riesgo obstétrico. Material y métodos. Estudio no experimental, transversal, con una selección no probabilística de 17,439 embarazadas que acudieron en las primeras 8 semanas de gestación y/o prueba positiva de embarazo hasta la semana 42, a control prenatal en los 830 centros de salud de las 11 Jurisdicciones Sanitarias de Servicios de Salud de Veracruz. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: FROSS, que identifica factores que contribuyen al riesgo obstétrico, así como el Censo de Embarazadas que clasifica el riesgo obstétrico. Toda paciente catalogada con alto riesgo obstétrico se envió a valoración a segundo nivel de atención para un adecuado seguimiento del embarazo.Resultados. se incluyeron 17,439 mujeres embarazadas, de éstas el 27% de las embarazadas se encontró en edades entre 10 a 19 años, habiendo sólo 7% (1,311) en edad superior a los 35 años, ambos grupos etarios considerados susceptibles de ser embarazos de alto riesgo. Siendo el grupo de edad con la mayor frecuencia el de 20 a 24 años con el 30%. El 31% de las embarazadas, se ubicó en áreas de alta y muy alta marginación. El 56% de las embarazadas presentó un peso por arriba del normal, el cual condiciona un riesgo a enfermedades y complicaciones propias del embarazo. El 28% tuvieron antecedente obstétrico de parto por cesárea. El 49% de las embarazadas iniciaron su control prenatal en el primer trimestre del embarazo, sin embargo, el 74% de las defunciones ocurridas en el año 2020, llevaron control prenatal. Conclusiones. Es posible diseñar e implementar una herramienta digital de evaluación de riesgo obstétrico, a través de la identificación de los factores que contribuyen al riesgo obstétrico, que permita un manejo adecuado de las pacientes, con su envío a valoración por parte del segundo nivel, de aquella catalogada con alto riesgo obstétrico. Siendo novedosa la implementación de una herramienta digital que evalúe el riesgo obstétrico en la embarazada, si consideramos que a pesar de llevar control prenatal la embarazada, si no se evalúa el riesgo obstétrico durante la consulta, no se podrá incidir en la mortalidad materna, al realizar un diagnóstico temprano de patologías clínicamente evidentes y un manejo oportuno.
| Tipo de Documento: | Tesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Palabras Clave: | Embarazo, riesgo obstétrico, control prenatal, mortalidad materna |
| Clasificación temática: | Materias > Biomedicina Materias > Comunicación Materias > Alimentación Materias > Ciencias Sociales Materias > Educación |
| Divisiones: | Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Docencia > Trabajos finales de Máster |
| Depositado: | 04 Dic 2023 23:30 |
| Ultima Modificación: | 04 Dic 2023 23:30 |
| URI: | https://repositorio.unini.edu.mx/id/eprint/1389 |
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