Documentos donde el Autor es "Chithaluru, Premkumar"
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Artículo
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Secure and scalable authentication remains a fundamental challenge in Internet of Things (IoT) networks due to constrained device resources, dynamic topology, and the absence of centralized trust infrastructures. Conventional password-based and certificate-driven authentication schemes incur high computation, storage, and communication overhead, limiting their suitability for large-scale deployments. To address these limitations, this paper proposes ScLBS, a federated learning (FL)–based self-certified authentication scheme for distributed and sustainable IoT environments. ScLBS integrates self-certified public key cryptography with FL-driven trust adaptation, enabling decentralized public key derivation without reliance on third-party certificate authorities or exposure of private credentials. A zero-knowledge mechanism combined with location-aware authentication strengthens resistance to impersonation, Sybil, and replay attacks. Hierarchical key management supported by a
-tree enables efficient group rekeying and preserves forward and backward secrecy under dynamic membership. Formal security verification is conducted under the Dolev–Yao adversary model using ProVerif, confirming secrecy of private and session keys (SKs) and correctness of authentication. Extensive NS-3 simulations and ablation analysis demonstrate that ScLBS achieves lower authentication delay, reduced message overhead, improved network utilization, and decreased energy consumption compared to representative IoT authentication schemes, while maintaining bounded FL overhead. These results indicate that ScLBS provides a balanced trade-off between security strength, scalability, and resource efficiency for constrained IoT networks.
metadata
Chithaluru, Premkumar; Jyothi, B. Veera; Alharithi, Fahd S.; Ksiazek, Wojciech; Ramchander, M.; Singh, Aman y Rachavaram, Ravi Kumar
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2026)
A scalable and secure federated learning authentication scheme for IoT.
Scientific Reports.
ISSN 2045-2322
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Cerrado
Inglés
An extensive examination reveals that Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer a promising solution for essential sensing and event-driven data communication needs. WSNs hold significant potential for event-driven communication, primarily owing to their decentralized and infrastructure-free operational characteristics. However, the traditional WSN’s inherent static nature imposes limitations on its applicability, particularly in scenarios requiring generic operating characteristics or routing protocols for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. This constraint arises from the immobility of sensor nodes within the network. Nonetheless, adopting a forward-looking perspective that incorporates mobility into WSNs opens up opportunities to create a mobile-WSN solution tailored for V2V communication. In response to the challenges posed by mobile-WSNs and the pursuit of a cost-effective V2V communication solution, a Lightweight Energy-Efficient Cross-layer Routing (LRECR) scheme has been proposed for WSN-VANET-based networks. The proposed routing model aims to enhance the timely delivery of Real-Time Data (RTD) with low latency, provide optimal resources for Non-Real Time (NRT) data delivery, optimize resource allocation, minimize delay, reduce energy consumption, and lower buffer and holding costs. These comprehensive parameters empower mobile-WSNs to fulfill the requirements of a Quality of Service (QoS)-oriented and energy-efficient V2V communication system.
metadata
Chithaluru, Premkumar; Uyyala, Ravi; Singh, Aman; Alfarraj, Osama; Dzul López, Luis Alonso; Khatak, Satish y Alkhayyat, Ahmed Hussein
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2024)
A Lightweight Energy-Efficient Routing Scheme for Real-Time WSN-VANET-Based Applications.
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 70 (1).
pp. 3820-3826.
ISSN 0098-3063
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Cerrado
Inglés
Blockchain technology may provide a potential solution to the Internet of Things (IoT) security challenges by providing a decentralized and secure method for storing, managing, and sharing data. The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256) hashed value of preliminary data (block) is retained in one block along with transaction data in tree form and timestamp in a chain of blocks. However, there are observations about blockchain limitations such as higher energy consumption, secure data, self-maintenance reliance, and higher cost. These constraints can be overcome by incorporating encryption algorithms into accepting blocks of data. In this paper, we propose a secure intelligent computational model for a large-scale interconnected IoT environment; an analytical modeling technique is considered for the proposed system. The proposed system takes advantage of the potential security feature of blockchain, which is considered the most appropriate secure communication system in an IoT. A computational model is built using the proposed blockchain technology to incorporate a secure and intelligent communication system. The proposed system uses the enhanced McEliece encryption approach’s potential to link the blockchain due to the faster mode of encryption and decryption process with a highly reduced number of steps.
metadata
Kumar, Sunil; Singh, Aman; Benslimane, Abderrahim; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Albahar, Marwan Ali; Rathore, Rajkumar Singh y Álvarez, Roberto Marcelo
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, roberto.alvarez@uneatlantico.es
(2023)
An Optimized Intelligent Computational Security Model for Interconnected Blockchain-IoT System & Cities.
Ad Hoc Networks, 151.
p. 103299.
ISSN 15708705
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Forecasting of sediment load (SL) is essential for reservoir operations, design of water resource structures, risk management, water resource planning and for preventing natural disasters in the river basin systems. Direct measurement of SL is difficult, labour intensive, and expensive. The development of an accurate and reliable model for forecasting the SL is required. Sediment transport is highly non-linear and is influenced by a variety of factors. Forecasting of the SL using various conventional methods is not highly accurate because of the association of various complex phenomena. In this study, major key factors such as rock type (RT), relief (R), rainfall (RF), water discharge (WD), temperature (T), catchment area (CA), and SL are recognized in developing the one-step-ahead SL forecasting model in the Mahanadi River (MR), which is among India’s largest rivers. Artificial neural networks (ANN) in conjunction with multi-objective genetic algorithm (ANN-MOGA)-based forecasting models were developed for forecasting the SL in the MR. The ANN-MOGA model was employed to optimize the two competing objective functions (bias and error variance) with simultaneous optimization of all associated ANN parameters. The performances of the proposed novel model were finally compared to other existing methods to verify the forecasting capability of the model. The ANN-MOGA model improved the performance by 12.81% and 10.19% compared to traditional AR and MAR regression models, respectively. The results suggested that hybrid ANN-MOGA models outperform traditional autoregressive and multivariate autoregressive forecasting models. Overall, hybrid ANN-MOGA intelligent techniques are recommended for the forecasting of SL in rivers
metadata
Yadav, Arvind; Ali Albahar, Marwan; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Alammari, Abdullah; Kumar, Gogulamudi Vijay y Miró Vera, Yini Airet
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, yini.miro@uneatlantico.es
(2023)
Hybridizing Artificial Intelligence Algorithms for Forecasting of Sediment Load with Multi-Objective Optimization.
Water, 15 (3).
p. 522.
ISSN 2073-4441
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Cerrado
Inglés
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected devices that includes low-end devices (sensors) and high-end devices (servers). The routing protocol used the Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) protocol, which was designed to collect data in Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLN) efficiently and reliably. The RPL rank property specifies how sensor nodes are placed in Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graphs (DODAG) based on an Objective Function (OF). The OF includes information such as the Expected Transmission Count (ETX) and packet delivery rate. The rank property aids in routing path optimization, reducing control overhead, and maintaining a loop-free topology by using rank-based data path validation. However, it causes many issues, such as optimal parent selection, next-hop node selection, and network instability. We proposed an Enhanced Opportunistic Rank-based Parent Node Selection for Sustainable and Smart IoT Networks to address these issues. The optimal parent node is determined by forecasting the expected energy of each node using Received Signal Strength (RSS) and an enhanced reinforcement learning algorithm. The proposed method addresses the issue of selecting the next-hop neighbor node and improves routing stability. Furthermore, when a large number of new nodes try to join the sustainable IoT-based smart cities, the proposed technique provides optimal load balance
metadata
Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Mahmoud, Mahmoud Shuker; Kumar, Sunil; Vidal Mazón, Juan Luis; Alkhayyat, Ahmed y Anand, Divya
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, juanluis.vidal@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, divya.anand@uneatlantico.es
(2023)
An enhanced opportunistic rank-based parent node selection for sustainable & smart IoT networks.
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 56.
p. 103079.
ISSN 22131388
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
The standard optimization of open-pit mine design and production scheduling, which is impacted by a variety of factors, is an essential part of mining activities. The metal uncertainty, which is connected to supply uncertainty, is a crucial component in optimization. To address uncertainties regarding the economic value of mining blocks and the general problem of mine design optimization, a minimum-cut network flow algorithm is employed to give the optimal ultimate pit limits and pushback designs under uncertainty. A structure that is computationally effective and can manage the joint presentation and treatment of the economic values of mining blocks under various circumstances is created by the push re-label minimum-cut technique. In this study, the algorithm is put to the test using a copper deposit and shows similarities to other stochastic optimizers for mine planning that have already been created. Higher possibilities of reaching predicted production targets are created by the algorithm’s earlier selection of more certain blocks with blocks of high value. Results show that, in comparison to a conventional approach using the same algorithm, the cumulative metal output is larger when the uncertainty in the metal content is taken into consideration. There is also an additional 10% gain in net present value.
metadata
Joshi, Devendra; Ali Albahar, Marwan; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Yadav, Arvind y Miró Vera, Yini Airet
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, yini.miro@uneatlantico.es
(2022)
A Novel Approach to Integrating Uncertainty into a Push Re-Label Network Flow Algorithm for Pit Optimization.
Mathematics, 10 (24).
p. 4803.
ISSN 2227-7390
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Rivers are dynamic geological agents on the earth which transport the weathered materials of the continent to the sea. Estimation of suspended sediment yield (SSY) is essential for management, planning, and designing in any river basin system. Estimation of SSY is critical due to its complex nonlinear processes, which are not captured by conventional regression methods. Rainfall, temperature, water discharge, SSY, rock type, relief, and catchment area data of 11 gauging stations were utilized to develop robust artificial intelligence (AI), similar to an artificial-neural-network (ANN)-based model for SSY prediction. The developed highly generalized global single ANN model using a large amount of data was applied at individual gauging stations for SSY prediction in the Mahanadi River basin, which is one of India’s largest peninsular rivers. It appeared that the proposed ANN model had the lowest root-mean-squared error (0.0089) and mean absolute error (0.0029) along with the highest coefficient of correlation (0.867) values among all comparative models (sediment rating curve and multiple linear regression). The ANN provided the best accuracy at Tikarapara among all stations. The ANN model was the most suitable substitute over other comparative models for SSY prediction. It was also noticed that the developed ANN model using the combined data of eleven stations performed better at Tikarapara than the other ANN which was developed using data from Tikarapara only. These approaches are suggested for SSY prediction in river basin systems due to their ease of implementation and better performance.
metadata
Yadav, Arvind; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Joshi, Devendra; Elkamchouchi, Dalia H.; Mazas Pérez-Oleaga, Cristina y Anand, Divya
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, cristina.mazas@uneatlantico.es, divya.anand@uneatlantico.es
(2022)
An Enhanced Feed-Forward Back Propagation Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm for Suspended Sediment Yield Modeling.
Water, 14 (22).
p. 3714.
ISSN 2073-4441
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
This study involves a working limestone mine that supplies limestone to the cement factory. The two main goals of this paper are to (a) determine how long an operating mine can continue to provide the cement plant with the quality and quantity of materials it needs, and (b) explore the viability of combining some limestone from a nearby mine with the study mine limestone to meet the cement plant’s quality and quantity goals. These objectives are accomplished by figuring out the maximum net profit for the ultimate pit limit and production sequencing of the mining blocks. The issues were resolved using a branch-and-cut based sequential integer and mixed integer programming problem. The study mine can exclusively feed the cement plant for up to 15 years, according to the data. However, it was also noted that the addition of the limestone from the neighboring mine substantially increased the mine’s life (85 years). The findings also showed that, when compared with the production planning formulation that the company is now using, the proposed approach creates 10% more profit. The suggested method also aids in determining the desired desirable quality of the limestone that will be transported from the nearby mine throughout each production stage.
metadata
Joshi, Devendra; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Yadav, Arvind; Elkamchouchi, Dalia H.; Breñosa, Jose y Anand, Divya
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, josemanuel.brenosa@uneatlantico.es, divya.anand@uneatlantico.es
(2022)
An Optimized Open Pit Mine Application for Limestone Quarry Production Scheduling to Maximize Net Present Value.
Mathematics, 10 (21).
p. 4140.
ISSN 2227-7390
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Rivers play a major role within ecosystems and society, including for domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses, and in power generation. Forecasting of suspended sediment yield (SSY) is critical for design, management, planning, and disaster prevention in river basin systems. It is difficult to forecast the SSY using conventional methods because these approaches cannot handle complicated non-stationarity and non-linearity. Artificial intelligence techniques have gained popularity in water resources due to handling complex problems of SSY. In this study, a fully automated generalized single hybrid intelligent artificial neural network (ANN)-based genetic algorithm (GA) forecasting model was developed using water discharge, temperature, rainfall, SSY, rock type, relief, and catchment area data of eleven gauging stations for forecasting the SSY. It is applied at individual gauging stations for SSY forecasting in the Mahanadi River which is one of India’s largest peninsular rivers. All parameters of the ANN are optimized automatically and simultaneously using the GA. The multi-objective algorithm was applied to optimize the two conflicting objective functions (error variance and bias). The mean square error objective function was considered for the single-objective optimization model. Single and multi-objective GA-based ANN, autoregressive and multivariate autoregressive models were compared to each other. It was found that the single-objective GA-based ANN model provided the best accuracy among all comparative models, and it is the most suitable substitute for forecasting SSY. If the measurement of SSY is unavailable, then single-objective GA-based ANN modeling approaches can be recommended for forecasting SSY due to comparatively superior performance and simplicity of implementation
metadata
Yadav, Arvind; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Albahar, Marwan Ali; Jurcut, Anca; Álvarez, Roberto Marcelo; Mojjada, Ramesh Kumar y Joshi, Devendra
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, roberto.alvarez@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2022)
Suspended Sediment Yield Forecasting with Single and Multi-Objective Optimization Using Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Models.
Mathematics, 10 (22).
p. 4263.
ISSN 2227-7390
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Traditional optimization of open pit mine design is a crucial component of mining endeavors and is influenced by many variables. The critical factor in optimization is the geological uncertainty, which relates to the ore grade. To deal with uncertainties related to the block economic values of mining blocks and the general problem of mine design optimization, under unknown conditions, the best ultimate pit limits and pushback designs are produced by a minimum cut algorithm. The push–relabel minimal cut algorithm provides a framework for computationally efficient representation and processing of the economic values of mining blocks under multiple scenarios. A sequential Gaussian simulation-based smoothing spline technique was created. To produce pushbacks, an efficient parameterized minimum cut algorithm is suggested. An analysis of Indian iron ore mining was performed. The developed mine scheduling algorithm was compared with the conventional algorithm, and the results show that when uncertainty is considered, the cumulative metal production is higher and there is an additional increase of about 5% in net present value. The results of this work help the mining industry to plan mines in such a way that can generate maximum profit from the deposits.
metadata
Joshi, Devendra; Chithaluru, Premkumar; Singh, Aman; Yadav, Arvind; Elkamchouchi, Dalia H.; Mazas Pérez-Oleaga, Cristina y Anand, Divya
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, aman.singh@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, cristina.mazas@uneatlantico.es, divya.anand@uneatlantico.es
(2022)
A Novel Large-Scale Stochastic Pushback Design Merged with a Minimum Cut Algorithm for Open Pit Mine Production Scheduling.
Systems, 10 (5).
p. 159.
ISSN 2079-8954
<a class="ep_document_link" href="/28573/1/1-s2.0-S0033350626001848-main.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes.
Italo Salvador López Muñoz mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, Maria Loreto Romero Ladrón de Guevara mail , Christian R. Mejia mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail ,
López Muñoz
<a class="ep_document_link" href="/28577/1/PIIS0002944026001367.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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An Integrated Machine Learning and Genomic Framework for Precise Detection of Gastric Cancer
This study presents a novel integrative approach for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data, leveraging the complementary strengths of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. Using K-means clustering, the dataset is stratified into three distinct clusters, revealing intrinsic biological patterns and relationships. The resulting cluster assignments are subsequently employed as pseudo-labels to train machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forest, and a stacking ensemble classifier. To validate and enhance the robustness of clustering, complementary methodologies such as hierarchical clustering and DBSCAN are employed, with results visualized through PCA-driven dimensionality reduction. The high predictive accuracy achieved by the classifiers underscores the separability and reliability of the identified clusters. Furthermore, feature importance analysis highlighted key genetic determinants within each cluster, offering actionable insights into potential biomarkers and critical genomic features. This framework bridges the gap between exploratory unsupervised learning and predictive supervised modeling, providing a scalable and interpretable methodology for analyzing complex genomic datasets. Its applicability extends to biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and other precision medicine applications, emphasizing its utility in advancing genomic research and clinical practice.
Eshmal Iman mail , Sohail Jabbar mail , Shabana Ramzan mail , Ali Raza mail , Farwa Raoof mail , Stefanía Carvajal-Altamiranda mail stefania.carvajal@uneatlantico.es, Vivian Lipari mail vivian.lipari@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,
Iman
<a class="ep_document_link" href="/28319/1/s41598-026-45575-1_reference.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning
Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such diseases can help take effective decisions. For this purpose, a deep learning-based object detection framework is designed in this study to identify and classify major potato diseases and pests under real-world field conditions. A total of 2,688 field images were collected from two research farms in Punjab, Pakistan, across multiple growth stages in various seasonal conditions. Excluding 285 symptoms-free images from the earliest collection led to 2,403 images which were annotated into four biotic-stress classes: blight disease (n = 630), leaf spot disease (n = 370), leafroll virus (viral symptom complex; n = 888), and Colorado potato beetle (larvae/adults; n = 515), indicating class imbalance. Several state-of-the-art models were used including YOLOv8 variants (n/s/m), YOLOv7, YOLOv5, and Faster R-CNN, and the results are discussed in relation to recent potato disease classification studies involving cropped leaf images. Stratified splitting (70% training, 20% validation, 10% testing) was applied to preserve class distribution across all subsets. YOLOv8-medium achieve the best performance with mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 of 98% on the held-out test images. Results for stable 5-fold cross-validation show a mean mAP@0.5 of 97.8%, which offers a balance between accuracy and inference time. Model robustness was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and repeated training with different random seeds, showing a low variance of ±0.4% mAP. Results demonstrate promising outcomes under the real-world field conditions, while, broader cross-region and cross-season validation is intended for the future.
Ahmed Abbas mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Santos Gracia Villar mail santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Luis Alonso Dzul López mail luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, Aseel Smerat mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,
Abbas
<a href="/28320/1/1-s2.0-S1876034126000912-main.pdf" class="ep_document_link"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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Concern for mpox infection in Latin America
Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health.
Christian R. Mejia mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales mail , Telmo Raúl Aveiro mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Néstor Valentin Rocha-Saravia mail , Andrea Retana-González mail , Medally C. Paucar mail , Beatriz Mejia Raudales mail , Jose Armada mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx,
Mejia
<a href="/28323/1/s40520-026-03363-x_reference.pdf" class="ep_document_link"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies
Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.
Justyna Godos mail , Giuseppe Caruso mail , Agnieszka Micek mail , Alberto Dolci mail , Zoltan Ungvari mail , Andrea Lehoczki mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Andrea Di Mauro mail , Mario Siervo mail , Michelino Di Rosa mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,
Godos
