Documentos donde el Autor es "Davies, Neal M."

Artículo

Artículo Materias > Biomedicina
Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes. metadata López Muñoz, Italo Salvador; Romero Ladrón de Guevara, Maria Loreto; Mejia, Christian R.; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Davies, Neal M. y Yáñez, Jaime A. mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2026) Association between socioeconomic and health variables and community-acquired pneumonia mortality rates in Chile from 1990 to 2021. Public Health, 256. p. 106315. ISSN 00333506

Artículo Materias > Psicología Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Background Large-scale armed conflicts can cause substantial environmental damage, with consequences for ecosystems, infrastructure, and population health. However, little is known about concern regarding these potential impacts among Latin American populations. Objective To determine the factors associated with concern about the potential environmental impact of a large-scale war among Latin American adults. Methods A multi-country cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults residing in Latin American countries. Concern about the environmental impact of a possible large-scale war was assessed using a study-specific question; the survey was conducted during the early weeks of the Russia-Ukraine war, but the outcome referred to concern about a possible large-scale war rather than to that conflict alone. Associations with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress measured with the DASS-21, used here as indicators of general psychological symptoms rather than conflict-specific effects, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, were then analyzed. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution, log link, and robust variance were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Among 2,669 respondents, 55% reported concern about the environmental consequences of a possible large-scale war. In multivariable analysis, concern was higher among participants with moderate or greater stress (PR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04–1.28) and among those residing in Argentina (PR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.44–2.21). Concern was lower among men (PR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.72–0.85) and among participants with technical education (PR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67–0.99). Conclusion A substantial proportion of respondents expressed concern about the potential environmental consequences of a large-scale war. This concern was associated with stress and selected sociodemographic factors. These findings provide exploratory evidence on war-related environmental risk perception in Latin America. metadata Mejía, Christian R.; Serna-Alarcón, Víctor; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Davies, Neal M.; Cedillo-Balcázar, Jamil; Useche-Villamizar, Dalia y Vega-Useche, Camilo mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2026) Concern about the potential environmental impact of a large-scale war among Latin American adults. BMC Public Health. ISSN 1471-2458

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health. metadata Mejia, Christian R.; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Garlisi-Torales, Luciana Daniela; Aveiro, Telmo Raúl; Cedillo-Balcázar, Jamil; Rocha-Saravia, Néstor Valentin; Retana-González, Andrea; Paucar, Medally C.; Mejia Raudales, Beatriz; Armada, Jose; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Davies, Neal M. y Yáñez, Jaime A. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx (2026) Concern for mpox infection in Latin America. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 19 (6). p. 103219. ISSN 18760341

Artículo Materias > Psicología Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been one of the major psychological consequences observed during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is essential to have valid and reliable instruments for its assessment.Objective: To evaluate the internal structure and reliability of a brief SPRINT-E-based measure for screening post-traumatic stress symptoms in Latin American populations during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was an instrumental study using the Short Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT-E) scale, administered to more than 6,000 participants across 12 Latin American countries. Descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to evaluate the factorial structure and internal consistency of the instrument.Results: Item 4 showed the highest mean score (M = 0.85) and the greatest dispersion (SD = 0.78). The CFA supported the original unidimensional 12-item model, which demonstrated satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices. The PTSD-COVID-19 scale showed a Cronbach’s α of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.91–0.92), indicating excellent internal consistency.Conclusion: The PTSD-COVID-19 scale showed acceptable evidence of internal structure and excellent internal consistency as a brief instrument for screening post-traumatic stress symptoms in Latin American adults during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. metadata Mejia, Christian R.; Esteban, Renzo Felipe Carranza; Mamani-Benito, Oscar; Serna-Alarcón, Víctor; Davies, Neal M.; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Perez, Leonel Vega y Vega-Useche, Camilo mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2026) Psychometric revalidation of the SPRINT-E scale for assessing post-traumatic stress in Latin American populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 17. ISSN 1664-1078

Artículo Materias > Psicología Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Cerrado Inglés Introduction: Severe anxiety, stress, and depression can cause a significant problem, which affects the response to everyday situations and has an impact on life satisfaction; however, there are no published studies that evaluate this situation in Latin America. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between severe anxiety, stress, and depression according to life satisfaction in Latin American residents. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical, and multicenter study was conducted in Latin American countries, analyzing a database of people surveyed virtually. Anxiety, depression, and stress were measured with the DASS-21 test (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.97) and life satisfaction with the SWLS test (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.89). Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: Of 2,002 respondents, 28% presented dissatisfaction with life, of which 34%, 25%, and 19% suffered from anxiety, depression, and anxiety in severe degrees, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, greater dissatisfaction with life was found in people with severe degrees of depression (PRa: 4.22; 95% CI: 3.14–5.67; p value <0.001), anxiety (PRa: 2.25; 95% CI: 2.04–2.48; p value <0.001), and stress (PRa: 2.77; 95% CI: 2.27–3.37; p value <0.001). Conclusion: The three severe states showed significant statistical correlations with life dissatisfaction, a factor that had not been previously measured in such a large population following the pandemic a few years ago. Health institutions in each country must consider this. metadata Mejia, Christian R.; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Cedillo-Balcázar, Jamil; Serna-Alarcón, Víctor; Arias-Chavez, Dennis; Paucar, Medally C.; Requena-Pastorelli, Tatiana; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Davies, Neal M. y Yáñez, Jaime A. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx (2025) Severe Anxiety, Stress, and Depression according to Life Satisfaction among Residents of Latin America. Complex Psychiatry, 12 (1 - 4). pp. 1-8. ISSN 2673-3005

Artículo Materias > Biomedicina Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Table 1 as published. In Table 1, the row labelled “Dose 1” appears twice; once at the top and once again at the bottom (after Dose 7). This repeated entry was unintentional and should be removed. The correct table should end at Dose 7, and the repeated Dose 1 row at the bottom is redundant and may cause confusion. The corrected Table 1 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated. metadata Yousef, Malaz; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Löbenberg, Raimar y Davies, Neal M. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2025) Correction: Yousef et al. Upholding or Breaking the Law of Superposition in Pharmacokinetics. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 1843. Biomedicines, 13 (8). p. 1797. ISSN 2227-9059

Artículo Materias > Psicología Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Objective The aim is to validate a test in Latin America that measures fear perception and concern about a world war. Methodology It is an instrumental study using Google Forms. It obtained 1684 participants in eight countries in Latin America. The creation of the first instrument was based on previous questionnaires that measured fear in the face of unexpected events, and other specific questions were added in the context of the war. Subsequently, the entire validation process was carried out. It was calculated the values of skewness, kurtosis, and communalities. Results Exploratory factor analysis showed that two factors were generated, confirmed by the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test (KMO = 0,962) and Barlett’s test (19558.5; df = 78; p = 0.000). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded seven items in two factors (χ2 = 139,85, df = 13, p = 0.001; RMR = 0.050; GFI = 0.980; CFI = 0,990; TLI = 0.980; and RMSEA = 0.080). The global Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92 (for factor 1 = 0.98, and factor 2 = 0.88). Discussion The final instrument with seven questions allows to measure adequately general fear (factor 1), and physical and mental repercussions due to the possibility of the outbreak of a world war (factor 2). metadata Mejia, Christian R.; Esteban, Renzo Felipe Carranza; Mamani-Benito, Oscar; Aveiro-Róbalo, Telmo Raúl; Zamora-Huaringa, Elvira G.; Vega-Useche, Leonel; Padilla-F, Valeria J.; Almada-Lesmo, Deisy P.; Castrillón-Lozano, Jorge Andrés; Martínez-Bourdier, Alan A.; Armada, Jose; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Davies, Neal M. y Yáñez, Jaime A. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx (2025) Fear and concern about the outbreak of a world war: validation of an instrument in eight Latin American countries (Third World War scale). BMC Psychology, 13 (1). ISSN 2050-7283

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Introduction Resentment towards the Chinese population was perceived during the first months of the pandemic because the pandemic/disease started in that country. Objective To determine the factors associated with the perception of resentment towards the Chinese in Latin America during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology Analytical cross-sectional study conducted during the second semester of the pandemic in more than a dozen countries. Four questions were asked about the perception of resentment towards the Chinese (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.88); those with the highest scores on the sum of the four questions were considered to have "more resentment towards the Chinese," and descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results Of the 7721 respondents, in the multivariate analysis, it was found that there was a difference according to the country; compared to Peru, those who had more resentment towards the Chinese were those residing in Paraguay (aPR: 1.29; 95%CI: 1.17–1.42; p-value < 0.001) and Bolivia (aPR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.37–1.68; p-value < 0.001), while Chile (aPR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.69–0.88; p-value < 0.001) had less resentment: 0.69–0.88; p-value < 0.001), Mexico (aPR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.57–0.80; p-value < 0.001), Panama (aPR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.59–0.86; p-value < 0.001) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.49–0.85; p-value = 0.002). Discussion There was a significant difference in resentment for each country. metadata Mejia, Christian R.; Ascarza, Gianpool; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Misayauri, Jean; Arias-Chavez, Dennis; Vilela-Estrada, Martin A.; Serna-Alarcón, Victor; Requena, Tatiana; Ubillus, Milward; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Davies, Neal M. y Yáñez, Jaime A. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx (2024) Factors associated with the perception of resentment towards the Chinese in Latin America during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 24 (1). ISSN 1471-2458

Artículo Materias > Biomedicina Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés The law of superposition underpins first-order linear pharmacokinetic relationships. Most drugs, therefore, after a single dose can be described by first-order or linear processes, which can be superposed to understand multiple-dose regimen behavior. However, there are a number of situations where drugs could display behaviors after multiple dosing that leads to capacity-limited or saturation non-linear kinetics and the law of superposition is overruled. This review presents a practical guide to understand the equations and calculations for single and multiple-dosing regimens after intravenous and oral administration. It also provides the pharmaceutical basis for saturation in ADME processes and the consequent changes in the area under the concentration–time curve, which represents drug exposure that can lead to the modulation of efficacy and/or toxic effects. The pharmacokineticist must implicitly understand the principles of superposition, which are a central tenet of drug behavior and disposition during drug development. metadata Yousef, Malaz; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Löbenberg, Raimar y Davies, Neal M. mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2024) Upholding or Breaking the Law of Superposition in Pharmacokinetics. Biomedicines, 12 (8). p. 1843. ISSN 2227-9059