Documentos donde el Autor es "Arciniegas González, Gloria Amparo"
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Tesis
Tesis Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Tesis Doctorales Cerrado Español El presente Proyecto de Tesis Doctoral tiene como finalidad, identificar los efectos de la responsabilidad legal y social como estrategias de gestión que permiten alcanzar la perdurabilidad de las empresas. En particular, conocer cuáles son las motivaciones e intenciones que permiten tomar decisiones que producen cambios significativos o que determinan la perdurabilidad de una empresa en el tiempo. Uno de los pasos previos para identificar las estrategias de gestión que posibilitan la trascendencia de una empresa en el tiempo, es el conocimiento de los factores que inciden favorablemente en la consecución de los objetivos propuestos desde la planeación estratégica. Dichos objetivos deben estar enmarcados dentro de los parámetros y normativas legales que permiten identificar las acciones que deben ejecutarse en cada uno de los procesos correspondientes. En este sentido, una señal clara que indica que la empresa va por buen camino es saber que la empresa ha alcanzado los objetivos propuestos en el corto y mediano plazo, ya que demuestra que se han utilizado estrategias favorables y se convierten en un paso importante para alcanzar la Visión, determinante de la permanencia de una empresa en el tiempo, que, en esencia, debe coincidir con los objetivos a largo plazo. Si bien, las cifras financieras demuestran con claridad el comportamiento y el manejo administrativo de una empresa, es indudable que las mismas son el reflejo económico de un conjunto de variables y decisiones que se presentan en las diferentes áreas de una empresa, de su relación y forma de interacción con el entorno y con el sector estratégico al cual pertenece. (Guzmán et. al, 2007).Un aspecto que tiene especial relevancia para la vida de una empresa u organización es la relacionada con la seguridad jurídica, la cual se refiere a la aplicación objetiva de las normas correspondientes en cada sector económico. (Umaña, 2002, p. 21).En este contexto y con el precedente de que las aspiraciones de la dirección de una empresa deben estar enmarcadas en salvaguardar las condiciones legales de sus actuaciones y además ser referente sobre buenas prácticas sociales, es indispensable que se establezcan políticas internas acordes para cada caso en particular. En cuanto al cumplimiento de la normatividad legal, una estrategia que puede ser de utilidad para prevenir y evitar que se omita algún precepto legal, es la elaboración de una matriz que contenga las normas jurídicas (legales y administrativas, generales o individualizadas) a aplicar en cada uno de los procesos establecidos dentro de la empresa. La matriz deberá incluir las leyes y normatividad correspondientes, así como el cronograma, efectos y sanciones por extemporaneidad o no aplicación de estas y los responsables en cada caso. En cuanto a la implementación de políticas internas sobre responsabilidad social empresarial, en Colombia se han desarrollado estrategias tendientes a fortalecer las sociedades comerciales para que sean cada vez más competitivas, productivas y perdurables. Es así como en noviembre del año 2020, durante el desarrollo del XIX Foro Internacional de Gobierno Corporativo, la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá, la Superintendencia de Sociedades y la Confederación Colombiana de Cámaras de Comercio (Confecámaras), lanzaron la Guía de Buenas Prácticas de Gobierno Corporativo. La guía es una herramienta creada en el ámbito de una colaboración interinstitucional para contribuir en el fortalecimiento, perdurabilidad y productividad empresarial y aportar a una gestión eficaz y eficiente de las organizaciones en los tiempos actuales. Los aspectos que se consideran dentro de la guía como buenas prácticas para el gobierno corporativo están relacionados con estructuras, principios, políticas y procesos para la dirección, administración y supervisión de cualquier empresa, cuyo propósito es mejorar su desempeño, generar valor y garantizar su competitividad, productividad y perdurabilidad. Así mismo, algunas empresas optan por establecer un plan de negocios que es elaborado por la dirección en función de sus decisiones estratégicas, las cuales deben ser adoptadas en un marco de racionalidad y responsabilidad. El plan debe contener aspectos como estructura de costos, estrategias competitivas, desarrollo de productos o servicios y el control financiero que se ejercerá. Igualmente, debe contemplar cuáles son los riesgos internos y externos del negocio, los mecanismos de control interno y los de medición de resultados. Es importante que dentro del plan se incluyan las alternativas para posibles cambios en la dirección de la empresa que se constituyen en una de las principales causas del fracaso y crisis de una empresa. Alternativas como las anteriores pueden favorecer la perdurabilidad de las empresas, la cual está asociada con la capacidad que tienen algunas organizaciones para soportar altos niveles de cambio, adaptarse rápidamente a ellos y manejarlos causando menor disfunción, generar ventajas competitivas y alto rendimiento ante las incertidumbres que se puedan presentar en un mercado. Dar respuesta positiva ante las circunstancias de adversidad, prosperar y ser sostenible durante largos periodos de tiempo, es una alternativa que los empresarios deben asumir. (Colón, 2013). metadata Arciniegas González, Gloria Amparo mail gloriaarciniegas78@gmail.com (2024) Efectos de la responsabilidad legal y social como estrategias de gestión para la perdurabilidad empresarial. Doctoral thesis, SIN ESPECIFICAR.
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Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes.
Italo Salvador López Muñoz mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, Maria Loreto Romero Ladrón de Guevara mail , Christian R. Mejia mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail ,
López Muñoz
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An Integrated Machine Learning and Genomic Framework for Precise Detection of Gastric Cancer
This study presents a novel integrative approach for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data, leveraging the complementary strengths of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. Using K-means clustering, the dataset is stratified into three distinct clusters, revealing intrinsic biological patterns and relationships. The resulting cluster assignments are subsequently employed as pseudo-labels to train machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forest, and a stacking ensemble classifier. To validate and enhance the robustness of clustering, complementary methodologies such as hierarchical clustering and DBSCAN are employed, with results visualized through PCA-driven dimensionality reduction. The high predictive accuracy achieved by the classifiers underscores the separability and reliability of the identified clusters. Furthermore, feature importance analysis highlighted key genetic determinants within each cluster, offering actionable insights into potential biomarkers and critical genomic features. This framework bridges the gap between exploratory unsupervised learning and predictive supervised modeling, providing a scalable and interpretable methodology for analyzing complex genomic datasets. Its applicability extends to biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and other precision medicine applications, emphasizing its utility in advancing genomic research and clinical practice.
Eshmal Iman mail , Sohail Jabbar mail , Shabana Ramzan mail , Ali Raza mail , Farwa Raoof mail , Stefanía Carvajal-Altamiranda mail stefania.carvajal@uneatlantico.es, Vivian Lipari mail vivian.lipari@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,
Iman
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A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning
Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such diseases can help take effective decisions. For this purpose, a deep learning-based object detection framework is designed in this study to identify and classify major potato diseases and pests under real-world field conditions. A total of 2,688 field images were collected from two research farms in Punjab, Pakistan, across multiple growth stages in various seasonal conditions. Excluding 285 symptoms-free images from the earliest collection led to 2,403 images which were annotated into four biotic-stress classes: blight disease (n = 630), leaf spot disease (n = 370), leafroll virus (viral symptom complex; n = 888), and Colorado potato beetle (larvae/adults; n = 515), indicating class imbalance. Several state-of-the-art models were used including YOLOv8 variants (n/s/m), YOLOv7, YOLOv5, and Faster R-CNN, and the results are discussed in relation to recent potato disease classification studies involving cropped leaf images. Stratified splitting (70% training, 20% validation, 10% testing) was applied to preserve class distribution across all subsets. YOLOv8-medium achieve the best performance with mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 of 98% on the held-out test images. Results for stable 5-fold cross-validation show a mean mAP@0.5 of 97.8%, which offers a balance between accuracy and inference time. Model robustness was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and repeated training with different random seeds, showing a low variance of ±0.4% mAP. Results demonstrate promising outcomes under the real-world field conditions, while, broader cross-region and cross-season validation is intended for the future.
Ahmed Abbas mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Santos Gracia Villar mail santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Luis Alonso Dzul López mail luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, Aseel Smerat mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,
Abbas
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Concern for mpox infection in Latin America
Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health.
Christian R. Mejia mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales mail , Telmo Raúl Aveiro mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Néstor Valentin Rocha-Saravia mail , Andrea Retana-González mail , Medally C. Paucar mail , Beatriz Mejia Raudales mail , Jose Armada mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx,
Mejia
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Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies
Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.
Justyna Godos mail , Giuseppe Caruso mail , Agnieszka Micek mail , Alberto Dolci mail , Zoltan Ungvari mail , Andrea Lehoczki mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Andrea Di Mauro mail , Mario Siervo mail , Michelino Di Rosa mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,
Godos