Documentos donde el Autor es "Cirhuza Mwolo, Innocent"
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Tesis Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Tesis Doctorales Abierto Francés La dynamique et la transition démographique mondiales avec le nombre croissant des jeunes auront des effets socio-économiques variables sur les pays à faible revenu et la communauté mondiale en général. L’extrême pauvreté des jeunes particulièrement en zones rurales est encore beaucoup plus élevée comparé à la moyenne mondiale. La création d'emplois plus nombreux et de meilleure qualité pour les jeunes est donc une priorité urgente du siècle. En dépit du rôle de locomotive reconnu de l’agriculture dans la croissance économique, la création d’emploi et la réduction de la pauvreté, plusieurs évidences font étant d’un désengagement des jeunes de ce secteur. C’est ainsi que nous avons réalisé une analyse systémique de l’engagement des jeunes ruraux dans les chaines de valeur agricoles au Sud-Kivu. Pour répondre à notre question principale à savoir pourquoi les jeunes ruraux se désengagent de plus en plus de l’agriculture, nous avons conduit la recherche sur le terrain de mars 2020 à mai 2023 dont les résultats ont été analysés et discutés à la lumière des théories en lien avec l’agriculture et la croissance économique, les chaines de valeur et l’engagement. Afin de bien appréhender la complexité et la transversalité de la question, l’approche systémique a été utilisée. Les individus à enquêter ont été choisis aléatoirement par triage sans remise en s’inspirant de la technique de l’urne de Bernoulli. Les données ont été analysées grâce au logiciel SPSS, ce qui a permis de décrire les différentes variables, vérifier leur normalité et utiliser les tests de Friedman, Khi Carré, Mann-Whitney et Kruskal-Wallis pour comprendre les liens entre elles. Premièrement, l’enquête auprès de 144 acteurs a permis d’identifier 12 facteurs d’ordre institutionnel, économique, social et écologique perçus principalement comme limitant l’essor de chaines de valeur agricoles dans la zone. Une différence statistiquement significative a été observée quant à la perception de ces facteurs selon la fonction, le type de motivation, le mieux d’origine et le niveau d’éducation des acteurs. Ce qui nous a permis de confirmer notre première hypothèse. Deuxièmement, l’étude des perceptions de 456 jeunes ruraux a montré que seuls 13,4 % des jeunes aspirent à l’agripreneuriat, 71,9% ne sont pas encouragés par leur entourage à s’engager dans l’agriculture, 73,7% sont prêts à emprunter la voie de d’exode rural/migration. 53,5 % des jeunes ont affiché une attitude négative vis-à-vis de l’agriculture comme profession. Une différence statistiquement significative a été observée concernant les scores des perceptions des facteurs économiques, personnels et sociétaux vis-à-vis de l’agriculture comme profession selon le sexe, l’âge, le niveau d’étude ainsi la zone d’origine des jeunes. Nous avons ainsi confirmé notre deuxième hypothèse. L’étude de cas mobilisant 32 jeunes agripreneurs a montré que 84,4% d’entre eux ont enregistré des résultats d’exploitation annuels positifs malgré le faible accès aux facteurs de production, un climat des affaires nonincitatif et le désintérêt affiché par la société vis-à-vis du secteur agricole. Une différence significative a été observée au niveau de leurs revenus en fonction du genre/sexe, la formation professionnelle, le sous-secteur d’activité, le statut matrimonial, l’expérience, la source du capital de démarrage. Nous considérons cela comme facteurs clés de succès de jeunes agripreneurs. Nous confirmons ainsi la troisième et dernière hypothèse de la présente thèse. Pour engager durablement les jeunes ruraux dans les chaines de valeur agricoles nous recommandons de créer un environnement politique et socio-économique facilitant l’accès aux facteurs de production ; développer des stratégies programmatiques sensibles aux jeunes ruraux en tirant profit des TIC ; promouvoir un narratif positif en faveur de l’agriculture comme profession metadata Cirhuza Mwolo, Innocent mail SIN ESPECIFICAR (2024) Analyse et stratégies d’engagement des jeunes ruraux dans les chaines de valeur agricoles dans la province du Sud-Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México.
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Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes.
Italo Salvador López Muñoz mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, Maria Loreto Romero Ladrón de Guevara mail , Christian R. Mejia mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail ,
López Muñoz
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An Integrated Machine Learning and Genomic Framework for Precise Detection of Gastric Cancer
This study presents a novel integrative approach for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data, leveraging the complementary strengths of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. Using K-means clustering, the dataset is stratified into three distinct clusters, revealing intrinsic biological patterns and relationships. The resulting cluster assignments are subsequently employed as pseudo-labels to train machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forest, and a stacking ensemble classifier. To validate and enhance the robustness of clustering, complementary methodologies such as hierarchical clustering and DBSCAN are employed, with results visualized through PCA-driven dimensionality reduction. The high predictive accuracy achieved by the classifiers underscores the separability and reliability of the identified clusters. Furthermore, feature importance analysis highlighted key genetic determinants within each cluster, offering actionable insights into potential biomarkers and critical genomic features. This framework bridges the gap between exploratory unsupervised learning and predictive supervised modeling, providing a scalable and interpretable methodology for analyzing complex genomic datasets. Its applicability extends to biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and other precision medicine applications, emphasizing its utility in advancing genomic research and clinical practice.
Eshmal Iman mail , Sohail Jabbar mail , Shabana Ramzan mail , Ali Raza mail , Farwa Raoof mail , Stefanía Carvajal-Altamiranda mail stefania.carvajal@uneatlantico.es, Vivian Lipari mail vivian.lipari@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,
Iman
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A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning
Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such diseases can help take effective decisions. For this purpose, a deep learning-based object detection framework is designed in this study to identify and classify major potato diseases and pests under real-world field conditions. A total of 2,688 field images were collected from two research farms in Punjab, Pakistan, across multiple growth stages in various seasonal conditions. Excluding 285 symptoms-free images from the earliest collection led to 2,403 images which were annotated into four biotic-stress classes: blight disease (n = 630), leaf spot disease (n = 370), leafroll virus (viral symptom complex; n = 888), and Colorado potato beetle (larvae/adults; n = 515), indicating class imbalance. Several state-of-the-art models were used including YOLOv8 variants (n/s/m), YOLOv7, YOLOv5, and Faster R-CNN, and the results are discussed in relation to recent potato disease classification studies involving cropped leaf images. Stratified splitting (70% training, 20% validation, 10% testing) was applied to preserve class distribution across all subsets. YOLOv8-medium achieve the best performance with mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 of 98% on the held-out test images. Results for stable 5-fold cross-validation show a mean mAP@0.5 of 97.8%, which offers a balance between accuracy and inference time. Model robustness was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and repeated training with different random seeds, showing a low variance of ±0.4% mAP. Results demonstrate promising outcomes under the real-world field conditions, while, broader cross-region and cross-season validation is intended for the future.
Ahmed Abbas mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Santos Gracia Villar mail santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Luis Alonso Dzul López mail luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, Aseel Smerat mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,
Abbas
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Concern for mpox infection in Latin America
Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health.
Christian R. Mejia mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales mail , Telmo Raúl Aveiro mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Néstor Valentin Rocha-Saravia mail , Andrea Retana-González mail , Medally C. Paucar mail , Beatriz Mejia Raudales mail , Jose Armada mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx,
Mejia
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Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies
Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.
Justyna Godos mail , Giuseppe Caruso mail , Agnieszka Micek mail , Alberto Dolci mail , Zoltan Ungvari mail , Andrea Lehoczki mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Andrea Di Mauro mail , Mario Siervo mail , Michelino Di Rosa mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,
Godos