Documentos donde el Autor es "Hinojosa Silva, Humberto Rafael"
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Artículo
Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Español Derecho económico y desarrollo local, se abordan como una relación y dependencia. La percepción sobre el desarrollo local de los habitantes del cantón Yaguachi sirvió de base para el análisis respectivo que, permitió describir aspectos relacionados a la temática de estudio. Son todos los actores del desarrollo local, desde el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal, los gremios y la ciudadanía, aquellos llamados a cooperar entre sí y de forma armónica y coordinada para generar los anhelados cambios que se requieren en el territorio. Esta situación describe una oportunidad para que dichos actores de forma articulada se integren apoyados en las herramientas que brinda el derecho económico para crear las condiciones que permitan mejorar el desarrollo local, integrando el aspecto humano y ambiental. Se concluye, una relación entre el nivel de coordinación de los actores del territorio y el grado de desarrollo del cantón de acuerdo a los resultados del instrumento de investigación aplicado. metadata Hinojosa Silva, Humberto Rafael y García Lara, Roberto mail humberto.hinojosa@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, roberto.garcia@unini.edu.mx (2023) Derecho económico y desarrollo local. El Cantón Yaguachi de Ecuador. REVISTA IUS, 17 (51). pp. 65-84. ISSN 1870-2147
Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Español En la actualidad, se menciona sobre el derecho a la ciudad en varios documentos, y en Ecuador, no es la excepción. Por ello el derecho a la ciudad debe sincronizarse con el tan anhelado desarrollo que derive en el buen vivir. Un derecho hacia una ciudad humana, social sin descuidar lo económico y ambiental y otros aspectos que surjan respecto que se trata sobre el crecimiento urbano sostenible. El presente trabajo de investigación, en la introducción, principalmente se enuncian aspectos jurídicos y conceptuales entre el derecho a la ciudad y el desarrollo, donde los actores territoriales que también se denominan agentes locales del desarrollo tienen una importancia muy visible. Luego, en cuanto a la metodología, se propone, un estudio de naturaleza jurídica, con enfoque cualitativo, del tipo no experimental, en base al método socio jurídico y mediante la revisión documental, bibliográfica y legislativa que constituye el instrumento de la presente investigación. Posteriormente, en referencia a los resultados, el más relevante, evidencia que, si existe legislación y conceptos que refieren el derecho a la ciudad desde la constitucionalidad y la ley orgánica principalmente, sin embargo, la misma evoluciona con limitaciones. Otro factor que se encuentra también, corresponde a los actores o agentes territoriales del desarrollo local, con la responsabilidad por contribuir al tan anhelado derecho a la ciudad y el desarrollo humano. Finalmente, la discusión y conclusión no corresponde a un proceso estático, sino, dinámico, que, a través del presente documento, permite abrir un campo para futuros trabajos de investigación enmarcados en las doctrinas de desarrollo local, presentando una relación causal entre derecho a la ciudad y el desarrollo. metadata Hinojosa Silva, Humberto Rafael mail SIN ESPECIFICAR (2022) El derecho a la ciudad y el desarrollo en Ecuador. MLS Law and International Politics, 1 (1).
Tesis
Tesis Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Tesis Doctorales Cerrado Español La presente investigación tiene por objeto, establecer una Perspectiva desde el punto de vista del Derecho Público, sobre la autonomía municipal y el desarrollo local en los GAD Municipales. El tema de la autonomía de los gobiernos locales es una discusión que se remonta desde hace mucho tiempo. Según algunos analistas, la autonomía no es absoluta, sino parcial. Al ser parcial, su campo de acción e intervención es limitado. Sin embargo, las fuentes de financiamiento son escasas dada la coyuntura actual derivada de la fragilidad económica de la región y agravada por la crisis sanitaria de la pandemia del Coronavirus y los riesgos de desastres naturales. Estas cuestiones no pueden ser controladas por las instituciones en los territorios, lo cual dificulta la gestión local. Los poderes públicos siempre predisponen algún papel importante en la economía de las comunidades sobre las que actúan. En este contexto, es importante mencionar que, nos encontramos en un mundo globalizado, con un macroentorno que cambia constantemente, lo que no permite a muchas instituciones públicas, contar con una capacidad de reacción que les permita afrontar dichos retos. Se debe entender una realidad de los gobiernos locales y es que, a medida que transcurre el tiempo, crece su población, así mismo, crecen sus demandas y necesidades. Por ello, se considera imperativo que los cabildos, encuentren otras vías de desarrollo local, que permitan brindar desde su estructura orgánica y funcional la cobertura que permita satisfacer las necesidades de gran porcentaje de la población. Se destaca la necesidad de involucramiento de la sociedad y otros actores para que contribuyan al desarrollo local y al país. Configurar una economía popular y solidaria y acompañada por el comercio justo, podría generar mejores resultados beneficiosos para el desarrollo humano, social y económico. metadata Hinojosa Silva, Humberto Rafael mail humberto.hinojosa@doctorado.unini.edu.mx (2022) Autonomía Municipal y Desarrollo Local en los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales del Ecuador. Doctoral thesis, SIN ESPECIFICAR.
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Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes.
Italo Salvador López Muñoz mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, Maria Loreto Romero Ladrón de Guevara mail , Christian R. Mejia mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail ,
López Muñoz
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An Integrated Machine Learning and Genomic Framework for Precise Detection of Gastric Cancer
This study presents a novel integrative approach for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data, leveraging the complementary strengths of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. Using K-means clustering, the dataset is stratified into three distinct clusters, revealing intrinsic biological patterns and relationships. The resulting cluster assignments are subsequently employed as pseudo-labels to train machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forest, and a stacking ensemble classifier. To validate and enhance the robustness of clustering, complementary methodologies such as hierarchical clustering and DBSCAN are employed, with results visualized through PCA-driven dimensionality reduction. The high predictive accuracy achieved by the classifiers underscores the separability and reliability of the identified clusters. Furthermore, feature importance analysis highlighted key genetic determinants within each cluster, offering actionable insights into potential biomarkers and critical genomic features. This framework bridges the gap between exploratory unsupervised learning and predictive supervised modeling, providing a scalable and interpretable methodology for analyzing complex genomic datasets. Its applicability extends to biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and other precision medicine applications, emphasizing its utility in advancing genomic research and clinical practice.
Eshmal Iman mail , Sohail Jabbar mail , Shabana Ramzan mail , Ali Raza mail , Farwa Raoof mail , Stefanía Carvajal-Altamiranda mail stefania.carvajal@uneatlantico.es, Vivian Lipari mail vivian.lipari@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,
Iman
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A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning
Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such diseases can help take effective decisions. For this purpose, a deep learning-based object detection framework is designed in this study to identify and classify major potato diseases and pests under real-world field conditions. A total of 2,688 field images were collected from two research farms in Punjab, Pakistan, across multiple growth stages in various seasonal conditions. Excluding 285 symptoms-free images from the earliest collection led to 2,403 images which were annotated into four biotic-stress classes: blight disease (n = 630), leaf spot disease (n = 370), leafroll virus (viral symptom complex; n = 888), and Colorado potato beetle (larvae/adults; n = 515), indicating class imbalance. Several state-of-the-art models were used including YOLOv8 variants (n/s/m), YOLOv7, YOLOv5, and Faster R-CNN, and the results are discussed in relation to recent potato disease classification studies involving cropped leaf images. Stratified splitting (70% training, 20% validation, 10% testing) was applied to preserve class distribution across all subsets. YOLOv8-medium achieve the best performance with mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 of 98% on the held-out test images. Results for stable 5-fold cross-validation show a mean mAP@0.5 of 97.8%, which offers a balance between accuracy and inference time. Model robustness was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and repeated training with different random seeds, showing a low variance of ±0.4% mAP. Results demonstrate promising outcomes under the real-world field conditions, while, broader cross-region and cross-season validation is intended for the future.
Ahmed Abbas mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Santos Gracia Villar mail santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Luis Alonso Dzul López mail luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, Aseel Smerat mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,
Abbas
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Concern for mpox infection in Latin America
Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health.
Christian R. Mejia mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales mail , Telmo Raúl Aveiro mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Néstor Valentin Rocha-Saravia mail , Andrea Retana-González mail , Medally C. Paucar mail , Beatriz Mejia Raudales mail , Jose Armada mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx,
Mejia
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Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies
Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.
Justyna Godos mail , Giuseppe Caruso mail , Agnieszka Micek mail , Alberto Dolci mail , Zoltan Ungvari mail , Andrea Lehoczki mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Andrea Di Mauro mail , Mario Siervo mail , Michelino Di Rosa mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,
Godos