Documentos donde el Autor es "Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo"
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2026
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
The Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB) is a highly invasive beetle that has been spreading like an epidemic across agricultural and forestry landscapes in recent years. Its rapid and destructive spread has turned it into a major global threat, causing widespread damage that continues to grow with time. Countries like South Africa, the United States, and Australia have implemented extensive measures to control the spread of PSHB, including the establishment of specialized agricultural support centers for early detection. However, there is still a strong need to make PSHB detection more accessible, allowing even non-experts to easily identify infections at an early stage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has shown great promise in plant disease detection, but a major challenge in the case of PSHB was the lack of a suitable dataset for training AI models. In the proposed work, we first created a dedicated dataset by collecting images of trees infected with PSHB. We applied a range of preprocessing techniques to refine the dataset and prepare it for AI applications. Building on this, we developed a novel AI-based method, where we trained a deep learning model using a multi-convolutional layer network combined with a Fourier transformation layer. Additionally, an attention mechanism and advanced feature extraction techniques were incorporated to further boost model performance. As a result, the proposed approach achieved an impressive top accuracy of 92.3% in detecting PSHB infections, showing the potential of AI to offer a simple, efficient, and highly accurate solution for early disease detection.
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Younas, Rabbiya; ur Rehman, Hafiz Muhammad Raza; Choi, Gyu Sang; Kuc Castilla, Ángel Gabriel; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo y Ashraf, Imran
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, angel.kuc@uneatlantico.es, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2026)
An attention-based deep learning model for early detection of polyphagous shot hole borer infestations in plants.
BMC Plant Biology.
ISSN 1471-2229
2025
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated cereal crops and is a primary food source for a significant portion of the population. Wheat goes through several distinct developmental phases, and accurately identifying these stages is essential for precision farming. Determining wheat growth stages accurately is crucial for increasing the efficiency of agricultural yield in wheat farming. Preliminary research identified obstacles in distinguishing between these stages, negatively impacting crop yields. To address this, this study introduces an innovative approach, MobDenNet, based on data collection and real-time wheat crop stage recognition. The data collection utilized a diverse image dataset covering seven growth phases ‘Crown Root’, ‘Tillering’, ‘Mid Vegetative’, ‘Booting’, ‘Heading’, ‘Anthesis’, and ‘Milking’, comprising 4496 images. The collected image dataset underwent rigorous preprocessing and advanced data augmentation to refine and minimize biases. This study employed deep and transfer learning models, including MobileNetV2, DenseNet-121, NASNet-Large, InceptionV3, and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for performance comparison. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that the transfer model MobileNetV2 achieved 95% accuracy, DenseNet-121 achieved 94% accuracy, NASNet-Large achieved 76% accuracy, InceptionV3 achieved 74% accuracy, and the CNN achieved 68% accuracy. The proposed novel hybrid approach, MobDenNet, that synergistically merges the architectures of MobileNetV2 and DenseNet-121 neural networks, yields highly accurate results with precision, recall, and an F1 score of 99%. We validated the robustness of the proposed approach using the k-fold cross-validation. The proposed research ensures the detection of growth stages with great promise for boosting agricultural productivity and management practices, empowering farmers to optimize resource distribution and make informed decisions.
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Naseer, Aisha; Amjad, Madiha; Raza, Ali; Munir, Kashif; Smerat, Aseel; Fabian Gongora, Henry; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo y Ashraf, Imran
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, henry.gongora@uneatlantico.es, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2025)
Novel hybrid transfer neural network for wheat crop growth stages recognition using field images.
Scientific Reports, 15 (1).
ISSN 2045-2322
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Ensuring safe and independent mobility for visually impaired individuals requires efficient obstacle detection systems. This study introduces an innovative smart knee glove, integrating machine learning technologies for real-time obstacle detection and alerting. The system is equipped with ultrasonic sensor, PIR sensor and a buzzer, with data processing managed by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. To enhance detection accuracy, multiple machine learning algorithms including Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Random Forest (RF) and Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB) are utilized. A novel Voting Classifier ensemble method is proposed, effectively combining the strengths of these classifiers to maximize performance. Rigorous cross-fold validation ensures robust evaluation under varying conditions. Experimental results demonstrates that the system achieves an impressive 98.34% detection accuracy within a 4-meter range, with high precision, recall and F1 scores. These findings underscore the system’s reliability and potential to empower visually impaired users with safer, more autonomous navigation, marking a significant advancement in obstacle detection technologies.
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Ikram, Sunnia; Bajwa, Imran Sarwar; Ikram, Amna; Díez, Isabel de la Torre; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo y Kuc Castilla, Ángel Gabriel
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2025)
Obstacle Detection and Warning System for Visually Impaired Using IoT Sensors.
IEEE Access, 13.
pp. 35309-35321.
ISSN 2169-3536
2024
Artículo
Materias > Biomedicina
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Interleukin-10, a highly effective cytokine recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties, plays a critical role in the immune system. In addition to its well-documented capacity to mitigate inflammation, IL-10 can unexpectedly demonstrate pro-inflammatory characteristics under specific circumstances. The presence of both aspects emphasizes the vital need to identify the IL-10-induced peptide. To mitigate the drawbacks of manual identification, which include its high cost, this study introduces StackIL10, an ensemble learning model based on stacking, to identify IL-10-inducing peptides in a precise and efficient manner. Ten Amino-acid-composition-based Feature Extraction approaches are considered. The StackIL10, stacking ensemble, the model with five optimized Machine Learning Algorithm (specifically LGBM, RF, SVM, Decision Tree, KNN) as the base learners and a Logistic Regression as the meta learner was constructed, and the identification rate reached 91.7%, MCC of 0.833 with 0.9078 Specificity. Experiments were conducted to examine the impact of various enhancement techniques on the correctness of IL-10 Prediction. These experiments included comparisons between single models and various combinations of stacking-based ensemble models. It was demonstrated that the model proposed in this study was more effective than singular models and produced satisfactory results, thereby improving the identification of peptides that induce IL-10.
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Usmani, Salman Sadullah; Tuhin, Izaz Ahmmed; Mia, Md. Rajib; Islam, Md. Monirul; Islam, Md. Monirul; Mahmud, Imran; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo; Fabian Gongora, Henry; Ashraf, Imran y Samad, Md. Abdus
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, henry.gongora@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2024)
StackIL10: A stacking ensemble model for the improved prediction of IL-10 inducing peptides.
PLOS ONE, 19 (11).
e0313835.
ISSN 1932-6203
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
The provision of Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) service in an indoor environment is a crucial task and the decay in signal strength issues arises especially in indoor environments. The Line-of-Sight (LOS) is a path for signal propagation that commonly impedes innumerable indoor objects damage signals and also causes signal fading. In addition, the Signal decay (signal penetration), signal reflection, and long transmission distance between transceivers are the key concerns. The signals lose their power due to the existence of obstacles (path of signals) and hence destroy received signal strength (RSS) between different communicating nodes and ultimately cause loss of the packet. Thus, to solve this issue, herein we propose an advanced model to maximize the LOS in communicating nodes using a modern indoor environment. Our proposal comprised various components for instance signal enhancers, repeaters, reflectors,. these components are connected. The signal attenuation and calculation model comprises of power algorithm and hence it can quickly and efficiently find the walls and corridors as obstacles in an indoor environment. We compared our proposed model with state of the art model using Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) (different scenario) and found that our proposed model is efficient. Our proposed model achieved high network throughput as compared to the state-of-the-art models.
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Khan, Muhammad Nasir; Waqas, Muhammad; Abbas, Qamar; Qureshi, Ahsan; Amin, Farhan; de la Torre Díez, Isabel; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo y Fabian Gongora, Henry
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, henry.gongora@uneatlantico.es
(2024)
Advanced Line-of-Sight (LOS) model for communicating devices in modern indoor environment.
PLOS ONE, 19 (7).
e0305039.
ISSN 1932-6203
Artículo
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto
Inglés
Wafer mappings (WM) help diagnose low-yield issues in semiconductor production by offering vital information about process anomalies. As integrated circuits continue to grow in complexity, doing efficient yield analyses is becoming more essential but also more difficult. Semiconductor manufacturers require constant attention to reliability and efficiency. Using the capabilities of convolutional neural network (CNN) models improved by hierarchical attention module (HAM), wafer hotspot detection is achieved throughout the fabrication process. In an effort to achieve accurate hotspot detection, this study examines a variety of model combinations, including CNN, CNN+long short-term memory (LSTM) LSTM, CNN+Autoencoder, CNN+artificial neural network (ANN), LSTM+HAM, Autoencoder+HAM, ANN+HAM, and CNN+HAM. Data augmentation strategies are utilized to enhance the model’s resilience by optimizing its performance on a variety of datasets. Experimental results indicate a superior performance of 94.58% accuracy using the CNN+HAM model. K-fold cross-validation results using 3, 5, 7, and 10 folds indicate mean accuracy of 94.66%, 94.67%, 94.66%, and 94.66%, for the proposed approach, respectively. The proposed model performs better than recent existing works on wafer hotspot detection. Performance comparison with existing models further validates its robustness and performance.
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Shahroz, Mobeen; Ali, Mudasir; Tahir, Alishba; Fabian Gongora, Henry; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo; Abdus Samad, Md y Ashraf, Imran
mail
SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, henry.gongora@uneatlantico.es, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR
(2024)
Hierarchical Attention Module-Based Hotspot Detection in Wafer Fabrication Using Convolutional Neural Network Model.
IEEE Access, 12.
pp. 92840-92855.
ISSN 2169-3536
2023
Artículo Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Español Los graduados de carreras de tecnología de la información, como Ingeniería de Sistemas, Tecnología en Desarrollo de Software y afines, actualmente son una de las mayores preocupaciones para la universidad, la empresa y el Estado colombiano, debido a que la escasez de estos profesionales se incrementa cada día en el país. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar una relación de la deserción estudiantil en los programas de Tecnología de la Información -TI- en Colombia, y mostrar que, a través de la buena práctica docente, se puede minimizar la deserción académica. La metodología se desarrolló basada en principios positivistas, a través de estudio correlacional; se aplicó una encuesta como técnica de recolección de información a 81 estudiantes de carreras afines a las tecnologías, usando la prueba de validez y confiabilidad Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados reafirmaron que las herramientas tecnológicas, utilizadas a través de estrategias de aprendizaje en el aula, son pieza clave en la motivación y fortalecimiento del proceso formativo; lo que aporta significativamente a la minimización de la deserción académica. Se concluye que la inmersión de las herramientas tecnológicas en la educación, incorporando la gamificación y los proyectos integradores, robustecen el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. metadata Fuertes Arroyo, Yolfaris Naidit y Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx (2023) Aporte de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) para minimizar la deserción de carreras universitarias en tecnología. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte (68). pp. 4-36. ISSN 0124-5821
2022
Artículo Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Español En una sociedad globalizada, la ciberdelincuencia se ha vuelto un problema importante, generando riesgos de información indispensable, como contraseñas, datos personales, entre otros. Sin mencionar, las grandes sumas de dinero que los ataques cibernéticos logran alcanzar cada año. Esta situación ha tomado tal magnitud, que las medidas de seguridad convencionales no son suficientes para brindarnos seguridad en un entorno digital. Por tal motivo, surge la necesidad de implementar nuevas herramientas de protección informática, de las cuales han destacado los “Honeypots”. Estos últimos ha tomado relevancia, además de proteger, proporcionar seguridad; se consideran sistemas de tipo “trampa” que sirve para observar los diferentes comportamientos de ciberataques para posteriormente analizar la intrusión, los métodos que se utilizaron. El presente artículo pretende como objetivo general, el estudio del comportamiento activo de un Honeypot para posteriormente determinar su rendimiento, precisar su grado de eficiencia en la detección y clasificación de intrusos de ciberataques. Para tal propósito, se implementará una metodología tecnológica, integrada por cinco (5) Fases: diagnóstico, diseño de un plan, recursos, monitoreo y evaluación, tal como lo plantea Arias (2016). Se elaborará un estudio que implique el uso de un Honeypot con monitoreo constante en tres tipos de situaciones diferentes que simulen un ataque cibernético, en distintos grados de intensidad: sin ataques alguno, ataques inferiores a 5 ciclos por minutos (Ataques leves), ataques superiores a 10 ciclos por minutos (Ataques fuertes). Los resultados obtenidos son altamente aceptables; el honeypot obtuvo un 95% de eficiencia en la detección de ciber ataques simulados con un rendimiento de 95.4%. metadata Lorusso Montiel, Giovanni Carlos y Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo mail namus15@gmail.com, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx (2022) Evaluación del rendimiento de Honeypot en redes telemáticas. TELEMATIQUE, 21 (1). pp. 26-45.
Artículo Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Español La gestión de proyectos es una disciplina que influye en forma directa en el éxito o fracaso de cualquier proyecto, la industria del software no es la excepción. La currícula académica de las universidades se centra en brindar los conocimientos necesarios para que los estudiantes adquieran las competencias técnicas y metodológicas necesarias para lograr la correcta ejecución de un proyecto. Sin embargo, el énfasis en materias de gestión de proyectos, así como su práctica en proyectos reales presenta una dificultad adicional y por consiguiente una dedicación menor que el resto de las áreas de conocimiento. En este artículo se responde las siguientes preguntas de investigación: i) ¿Cuántas horas se dedican los estudiantes a la gestión de proyectos? y ii) ¿Las horas de gestión de proyectos se relacionan con la metodología aplicada? En este trabajo de investigación se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter no experimental, donde se analizaron los datos provenientes de 349 proyectos de tesis de titulación universitaria de carreras de ciencias de la computación provenientes de dos universidades. Los proyectos analizados se centran en 3 metodologías de gestión: la propuesta por el Project Management Institute (PMI), una específica para proyectos de software y el framework SCRUM. Finalmente, en función de los resultados obtenidos se demuestra que en el contexto académico no existen diferencias considerables que relacionen el esfuerzo con la metodología aplicada y que el esfuerzo en tareas de gestión se ubica en el intervalo de entre 5% y 15% siendo consistente con la literatura presentada. metadata Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo y Rojas Sánchez, Miguel Ángel mail carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2022) Gestión de proyectos en tesis de titulación universitaria. Project Design and Management, 4 (1). ISSN 2683-1597
2021
Artículo Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Artículos y libros Abierto Inglés Higher education institutions' wireless networks have different roles and network requirements, ranging from educational platforms and informative consultations. Currently, the inefficient use of network resources, poor wireless planning, and other factors, affect having a robust and stable network platform. Different authors have investigated the various strategies for the optimization of wireless infrastructures. Still, most of the cases studied aim to improve traditional performance variables without considering maximizing the level of user satisfaction, which represents a flaw that this research paper hopes to solve through SDWN and a predictive model. The authors will determine an appropriate methodology to estimate the user's level of satisfaction through an algorithm or predictive model based on nonlinear multiple regression supported on network performance variables, making a characterization of the project's environment analyzing the wireless conditions. The investigation phases will follow the life cycle guidelines defined by the Cisco PPDIOO methodology (Prepare, Plan, Design, Implement, Operate, Optimize). As a result, it is expected that the project will be the beginning of academic research that will help create strategies to optimize the WiFi network of any educational institution to maximize user satisfaction. In short, the optimization process provides the network with differentiating factors through a modular design with variable modification of parameters according to the users' requirements and needs. metadata Hernandez, Leonel; Uc Ríos, Carlos Eduardo y Pranolo, Andri mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, carlos.uc@unini.edu.mx, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2021) Design a Model-Based on Nonlinear Multiple Regression to Predict the Level of User Satisfaction when Optimizing a Traditional WLAN Using SDWN. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 11 (4). p. 1487. ISSN 2088-5334
<a class="ep_document_link" href="/28573/1/1-s2.0-S0033350626001848-main.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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Objectives To describe long-term trends in mortality attributed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Chile from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age group, and to evaluate associations with selected socioeconomic and demographic indicators. Study design Ecological, observational, longitudinal study using national secondary data. Methods CAP mortality rates were analyzed for the total population and by age group. Associations with the Human Development Index (HDI), poverty rate, aging index, and life expectancy at birth were examined using a hierarchical analytical approach. This included Spearman's rank correlation for initial exploration, multivariable linear regression to assess adjusted associations, and Prais–Winsten generalized least squares regression to account for first-order autocorrelation and shared temporal trends. Stationarity was evaluated using augmented Dickey–Fuller tests, with supplementary analyses using first-differenced variables. Missing data were imputed using time-based regression or interpolation, with sensitivity analyses performed. Results CAP mortality declined substantially across all age groups over the study period. Strong bivariate correlations were observed between mortality and all socioeconomic indicators; however, these associations were attenuated after adjustment for confounding and temporal autocorrelation. In multivariable and time-series models, HDI and the aging index remained significantly associated with CAP mortality in children (0–9 years) and older adults (≥65 years), whereas associations in intermediate age groups were not robust after accounting for shared secular trends. Poverty and life expectancy did not demonstrate independent associations in adjusted models. Conclusions CAP mortality in Chile has decreased markedly over the past three decades. Associations with socioeconomic indicators are strongest at the extremes of age and persist after accounting for temporal structure, although the ecological design precludes causal inference. These findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and socioeconomic context in population-level analyses of infectious disease outcomes.
Italo Salvador López Muñoz mail italo.lopez@doctorado.unini.edu.mx, Maria Loreto Romero Ladrón de Guevara mail , Christian R. Mejia mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail ,
López Muñoz
<a href="/28577/1/PIIS0002944026001367.pdf" class="ep_document_link"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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An Integrated Machine Learning and Genomic Framework for Precise Detection of Gastric Cancer
This study presents a novel integrative approach for the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data, leveraging the complementary strengths of unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. Using K-means clustering, the dataset is stratified into three distinct clusters, revealing intrinsic biological patterns and relationships. The resulting cluster assignments are subsequently employed as pseudo-labels to train machine learning models, including support vector machines, random forest, and a stacking ensemble classifier. To validate and enhance the robustness of clustering, complementary methodologies such as hierarchical clustering and DBSCAN are employed, with results visualized through PCA-driven dimensionality reduction. The high predictive accuracy achieved by the classifiers underscores the separability and reliability of the identified clusters. Furthermore, feature importance analysis highlighted key genetic determinants within each cluster, offering actionable insights into potential biomarkers and critical genomic features. This framework bridges the gap between exploratory unsupervised learning and predictive supervised modeling, providing a scalable and interpretable methodology for analyzing complex genomic datasets. Its applicability extends to biomarker discovery, patient stratification, and other precision medicine applications, emphasizing its utility in advancing genomic research and clinical practice.
Eshmal Iman mail , Sohail Jabbar mail , Shabana Ramzan mail , Ali Raza mail , Farwa Raoof mail , Stefanía Carvajal-Altamiranda mail stefania.carvajal@uneatlantico.es, Vivian Lipari mail vivian.lipari@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,
Iman
<a href="/28319/1/s41598-026-45575-1_reference.pdf" class="ep_document_link"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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A novel approach for disease and pests detection in potato production system based on deep learning
Vulnerability of potato crops to diseases and pest infestation can affect its quality and lead to significant yield losses. Timely detection of such diseases can help take effective decisions. For this purpose, a deep learning-based object detection framework is designed in this study to identify and classify major potato diseases and pests under real-world field conditions. A total of 2,688 field images were collected from two research farms in Punjab, Pakistan, across multiple growth stages in various seasonal conditions. Excluding 285 symptoms-free images from the earliest collection led to 2,403 images which were annotated into four biotic-stress classes: blight disease (n = 630), leaf spot disease (n = 370), leafroll virus (viral symptom complex; n = 888), and Colorado potato beetle (larvae/adults; n = 515), indicating class imbalance. Several state-of-the-art models were used including YOLOv8 variants (n/s/m), YOLOv7, YOLOv5, and Faster R-CNN, and the results are discussed in relation to recent potato disease classification studies involving cropped leaf images. Stratified splitting (70% training, 20% validation, 10% testing) was applied to preserve class distribution across all subsets. YOLOv8-medium achieve the best performance with mean average precision (mAP)@0.5 of 98% on the held-out test images. Results for stable 5-fold cross-validation show a mean mAP@0.5 of 97.8%, which offers a balance between accuracy and inference time. Model robustness was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and repeated training with different random seeds, showing a low variance of ±0.4% mAP. Results demonstrate promising outcomes under the real-world field conditions, while, broader cross-region and cross-season validation is intended for the future.
Ahmed Abbas mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Santos Gracia Villar mail santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Luis Alonso Dzul López mail luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, Aseel Smerat mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,
Abbas
<a class="ep_document_link" href="/28320/1/1-s2.0-S1876034126000912-main.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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Concern for mpox infection in Latin America
Background Mpox arrived in Latin America and quickly began to replicate, so it is important to measure the concern it generates among residents. The study aims to assess whether country or other factors are associated with concern about mpox infection in Latin America. Methods The study uses a cross-sectional, multicenter design. Sampling was conducted using non-random snowball sampling. From August to September 2022, concern about being infected with mpox was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.85); it was divided into nine countries and other social variables. Results From 1404 respondents, the majority of respondents were female (60.3%) and young (median age 25 years); also, a few reported that it was a significant problem (6% almost all the time and 11% often) and were concerned (6% almost all the time and 11% often) about the possibility of mpox infection. In multivariate analysis, men (aPR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.73–0.99; p-value=0.046), younger (aPR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97–0.99; p-value<0.001), single (aPR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62–0.99; p-value=0.042) and, compared to Peru, those living in Colombia (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI. 0.58–0.97; p-value=0.027) and Costa Rica (aPR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.44–0.96; p-value=0.032) reported the lowest concern; also, Bolivia (aPR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94–1.43; p-value=0.176) and Honduras (aPR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.80–1.27; p-value=0.943) reported that their concerns tend to be higher. Conclusions There were evident differences across respondents' countries; these baseline results show that the first report was made in many countries that were also significantly affected by mpox and now face a new epidemic threatening public health.
Christian R. Mejia mail , Aldo Alvarez-Risco mail , Luciana Daniela Garlisi-Torales mail , Telmo Raúl Aveiro mail , Jamil Cedillo-Balcázar mail , Néstor Valentin Rocha-Saravia mail , Andrea Retana-González mail , Medally C. Paucar mail , Beatriz Mejia Raudales mail , Jose Armada mail , Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales mail , Neal M. Davies mail , Jaime A. Yáñez mail jaime.yanez@unini.edu.mx,
Mejia
<a class="ep_document_link" href="/28323/1/s40520-026-03363-x_reference.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>
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Fish consumption and brain structure: a comprehensive systematic review of observational studies
Background Age-related structural changes in the human brain, including cortical atrophy, reductions in grey and white matter volumes, and the accumulation of small vessel–related lesions such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cerebral microbleeds, represent critical biological substrates underlying cognitive decline and dementia. Fish consumption has been associated with slower cognitive decline and reduced risk of dementia, but a comprehensive evaluation of its relation with brain structures is lacking. Aims The aim of this study was to systematically review current scientific literature providing evidence of relation between fish intake and brain structures in human studies. Methods Studies indexed in two major electronic databases have been screened based on a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Studies were eligible whether they assessed fish consumption in relation to brain structures in the adult populations. Results A total of 24 studies conducted predominantly on older adults met inclusion criteria. Most brain volume measures were obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures. Higher fish consumption was associated with reduced severity of white matter hyperintensities (a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and white matter damage) and cerebral micro-bleed, preservation of certain brain areas volumes (i.e., hippocampus, temporal lobe and periventricle white matter) and cortical thickness of specific areas (i.e., precuneus, parietal, and cingulate grey matter), among others, compared to lower intake. Some analyses found no association and isolated findings suggested possible adverse associations that were not consistently replicated. Studies reporting null findings may underline the possible relevance of the overall diet (i.e., adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Conclusions Inclusion of fish in a healthy and balanced diet is associated with better white matter grades on MRI and slower progression of white matter hyperintensities and reduction of vascular-related lesions of the aging brain, suggesting a potential role in preventing neurocognitive deterioration. Heterogeneity across studies underscores the need for additional studies.
Justyna Godos mail , Giuseppe Caruso mail , Agnieszka Micek mail , Alberto Dolci mail , Zoltan Ungvari mail , Andrea Lehoczki mail , Lisandra León Brizuela mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Andrea Di Mauro mail , Mario Siervo mail , Michelino Di Rosa mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,
Godos
